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PARARTOCARPUS (Parartocarpus venenosus)
Trade Name
Parartocarpus
Scientific Name
Parartocarpus venenosus (Zoll. & Moritzi) Becc.
Family
MORACEAE
Common Names
Pinggi; Parartocarpus; Minggi; Keledang; Katik; Ara berteh paya; Ara berteh; Terap hutan (Sabah); Kapiak (Papua New Guinea); Pudau (Sarawak); Tampang (Malaysia); Upas (India); Kamansi (Papua New Guinea); Terap (Malaysia)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Parartocarpus woodii (Merr.) Merr.; Parartocarpus triandra (J.J. Smith) J.J. Smith; Gymnartocarpus venenosa (Zoll. & Moritzi) Boerl
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is an evergreen, monoecious, medium-sized to large tree up to 45 m tall, up to 90 cm in diameter. The bole is usually straight, cylindrical or fluted, branchless for up to 16 m, occasionally with short buttresses.
Natural Habitat
Parartocarpus species occur scattered in lowland to submontane, or rarely montane, primary, evergreen forests, up to 1,800 m of altitude. Parartocarpus venenosus is typical of peat swamp, freshwater and tidal forests.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Occasionally tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits coarse throughout the Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Occasionally prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Occasionally larger rays more than 4 seriate. Occasionally body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Occasionally body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/ Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
It has no taste or odor.
Color
The sapwood is not clearly differentiated, almost white. The heartwood is yellowish white to grey white.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
7
Grain
It is fairly straight, occasionally wavy or irregularly twisted.
Texture
The wood is reported to have a coarse texture.
Luster
The wood is described as moderate in luster.
Natural Durability
It is non durable, rapid infestation by insects and fungi is reported.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Silica Content
Silica Value: 0
Resistance To Impregnation
It is a permeable wood, with high preservatives retention.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.46
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.50
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
9.4
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
4.2
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: It is difficult to season. Drying Defects: Prone to warping, checking and collapse. Kiln Schedules: Schedule recommended for Brush Box. Air seasoning before kiln drying is advised.
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.2
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
688
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
105728
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
372
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
31
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
84
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
335
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
428
Workability
Sawing
The response of this wood in sawing is easy, but slightly difficult if interlocked grain is present.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
This timber is reported to be suitable for lamination.
Sliced Veneer
This timber is reported to be suitable for lamination.
Machining
Machining operations are reportedly easy but it may pick up grain.
Planing
It can be planed to a moderately smooth and lustrous surface.
Turning
30
Finishing
Even if filled it gives rough surfaces.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, frames, shutter boards, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TURNING, SPORTS, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, PACKING, pallets, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, particleboard
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Shutter Boards
- 20 - Prospect: The wood database
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Sports
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Pallets
- 48 - The strength properties of timbers
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Other & Musical Instruments
- 63 - Madeiras do Brazil II
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Particleboard
- 80 - Estudio Integral de la Madera para Construcción
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