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CORAçãO DE NEGRO (Swartzia leiocalycina)
Trade Name
Coração de negro
Scientific Name
Swartzia leiocalycina Benth.
Family
LEGUMINOSAE
Common Names
Bois Perdrix (France); Ferreol (France); Wamara (Germany); Ferreol (Germany); Zwart Parelhout (Surinam); Ijzerhart (Surinam); Gandoe (Surinam); Panacoco (French Guiana); Wamara (Guyana); Agui (Guyana); Banya (Guyana); Carrapatinho (Brazil); Gombeira (Brazil); Coração De Negro (Brazil); Ebony; Panacoco (France); British Guyana Ebony; Wamara (United Kingdom); Ironwood (United Kingdom)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Tunatea leiocalycina (Benth.) Kuntze; Tounatea leiocalycina (Benth.) Taub.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
Trees of 20 to 25 m tall, up to 30 m, with 50 to 60 cm in diameter. The boles are straight and cylindrical, with average lengths of 15 m. Tall buttresses are present.
Natural Habitat
Swartzia leiocalycina is found in primary forests, on well drained areas.
Natural Distribution
This species is reported to be distributed in the Amazon basin and northern South America.
Non Timber Uses
Logs are reported to be small, with wide sapwood.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Occasionally vessels with colored deposits. White deposits in heartwood vessels. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Occasionally axial parenchyma apparent with the naked eye. Occasionally axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Axial parenchyma oblique and/or sinuous. Axial parenchyma storied. Occasio Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays storied.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The color of the heartwood is usually purplish dark maroon to purplish black with lighter fine streaks.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
1
Grain
The direction of the grain is straight or slightly interlocked.
Texture
The texture of the wood is medium.
Natural Durability
It is very durable against decay. This species is also very resistant against termites.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
1
Resistance To Impregnation
The heartwood is extremely difficult to impregnate.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
1.08
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
1.30
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
8.8
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
5.8
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: It is reported to be difficult to air season. Drying Defects: Risk of warping is reported.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-B; US-T2-C2
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.5
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
2089
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
236408
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
866
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
194
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
1856
Workability
Sawing
Cutting behavior is reported to be fair.
Blunting Effect
It has a moderate blunting effect on the cutting tools.
Machining
The response of this species to machining operations is fair.
Turning
30
Nailing
This species is reported to have a poor nailing behavior.
Gluing
This species has a fair to poor behavior in gluing.
Finishing
Wood of this species is easy to finish.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, frames, steps, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, luxury furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, Decorative veneer, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, cutlery, BENDING, chairs, tennis rackets, SPORTS, bowling polo balls, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, CONTAINERS, cooperage, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boat fins, boat deck, port pillar, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, violin, axle, yoke
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Furniture, Luxury
- 22 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section IV-Asian and Oceanian Woods
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Decorative veneer
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Ornaments
- 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Turned Articles
- 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
Knife Handles
- 33 - Embassy of Gabon in Japan
Bending
- 35 - Embassy of Myanmar in Japan
Chairs
- 36 - Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente, Panama
Tennis Rackets
- 37 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Sports
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Balls Bowling Polo
- 40 - Internet
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Containers
- 50 - Properties of imported tropical woods
Cooperage
- 51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boat Fins
- 58 - Guía de Árboles de Bolivia
Boat Decking
- 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
Port Pillar
- 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
Other & Musical Instruments
- 63 - Madeiras do Brazil II
Violin
- 64 - Maderas latinoamericanas. V. Carapa sp., Virola koschnyi, Terminalia lucida y Brosimum costaricanum.
Axles
- 73 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Yokes
- 74 - World Timbers, Vol.2, North and South America
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