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SPANISH CEDAR, AUSTRALIAN RED CEDAR (Toona ciliata)
Trade Name
Spanish cedar, Australian red cedar
Scientific Name
Cedrela toona Roxb. ex Rottler & Willd.
Family
MELIACEAE
Common Names
Indian toon; Indian mahogany; Australian red cedar; Danupra (Philippines); Yom-hom (Thailand); Maiyom-horm (Laos); Thit kador (Myanmar); Burma toon; Tang-tama (Myanmar); Australian toon; Ranggoh (Sabah); Surian limpaga (Malaysia); Kukoru (Indonesia); Malapoga (Indonesia); Suren kapar (Indonesia); Taw thamgo (Myanmar); Toon (India); Surian (Indonesia); Thitkado (Myanmar); Calantas (Philippines); Chomcha (Cambodia); Red cedar (Papua New Guinea); Red cedar (Australia); Moulmen cedar (United Kingdom); Xoan-moc (Vietnam); Toon (Thailand); Yomham (Thailand); Moulmen cedar (United States of America); Surea-bawang (Malaysia); Burma cedar (United States of America); Limpagna (Indonesia); Burma cedar (United Kingdom)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Toona ternatensis (Miq.) Bahadur; Toona microcarpa (C.DC.) Harms; Toona ciliata M. Roem.; Toona australis Harms; Cedrela toona Roxb. ex Rottler & Willd.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a medium sized to fairly large tree, up to 35 to 50 meters tall. The bole is branchless for about 24 meters, with diameters of 70 to 150 cm. It can be buttressed up to 3.5 meters high.
Natural Habitat
Toona ciliata is found scattered in evergreen primary and secondary forests, along rivers, from coastal lowlands to about 1,500 m above the sea level.
Natural Distribution
It is indigenous to Thailand, Myanmar, Pakistan and India.
Plantations Available?
This species is widely cultivated for timber or as an ornamental tree.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood semi-ring porous and/or ring porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Vessels per mm2 more than 20 (very abundant). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits s Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II).
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
It has a fragrant cedar scent and distinct acrid taste.
Color
The sapwood is yellowish red to brown, and is clearly demarcated from the dark reddish brown heartwood.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
4
Grain
The grain is straight.
Texture
The texture is coarse to medium.
Luster
The wood is described as moderate in luster.
Natural Durability
The wood is rated as durable and it is resistant to termites.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
1
Internal Growth Stresses
Sometimes logs are liable to end splitting.
Resistance To Impregnation
The heartwood is very difficult to treat with preservatives, but the sapwood is moderately permeable to preservative treatment.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.46
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.50
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
6.3
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
3.8
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-J
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.7
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
851
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
96347
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
391
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
61
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
92
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
384
Workability
Sawing
Sawing of this species is easy.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
This timber is reported to be suitable for lamination.
Sliced Veneer
This timber is reported to be suitable for lamination.
Machining
This species is easy to machine. Sometimes woolly surfaces are reported.
Planing
It is easy to plane.
Moulding
It gives good results in molding.
Turning
30
Boring
The response of this species to boring operations is fair to bad.
Mortising
Mortising operations are reported to be fair.
Nailing
Nailing properties are good.
Gluing
The timber is reported to glue well.
Sanding
The response of this species in sanding is fair.
Finishing
Filling is necessary.
Staining
It has a good staining.
Coatings
Painting or varnishing of this wood is easy.
Polishing
Polishing of this species is reportedly easy.
Substitute Species
It can substitute Spanish Cedar (Cedrela spp.)
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, boards, flooring, frames, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, luxury furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, TURNING, BENDING, tennis rackets, SPORTS, table tennis, TOOLS, agricultural tools, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boat oars, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, pencil, cigar boxes, moldings
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Furniture, Luxury
- 22 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section IV-Asian and Oceanian Woods
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Faces
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Bending
- 35 - Embassy of Myanmar in Japan
Tennis Rackets
- 37 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Sports
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
- 41 - Embassy of the Philippines
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boat Oars
- 60 - Amazonian Timbers, Characteristics and Utilization Volume II; Curuá-Una Experimental Forest Station
Other & Musical Instruments
- 63 - Madeiras do Brazil II
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Pencils
- 67 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VIII, Calophyllum brasilense, Couratari panamensis, Dendropanax arboreum y Bombacopsis sessilis
Cigar Box
- 68 - Contribucion al conocimiento de la resistencia mecanica de la madera de peumo
Molding
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
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