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SURIAN (Toona sinensis)
Trade Name
Surian
Scientific Name
Toona sinensis (Juss.) Roem.
Family
MELIACEAE
Common Names
Suren (Indonesia); Ingul (Indonesia); Rangau (Sabah); Surian wangi (Malaysia); Surian bawang (Malaysia)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Toona sinensis var. sinensis; Cedrela sinensis Juss.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a medium-sized to fairly large tree up to 40 m tall, with bole branchless for up to 20 m and up to 100 cm in diameter.
Natural Habitat
Toona sinensis is reported from 350 to 2,500 m of altitude, often in primary montane forests, near streams, but also in secondary forests.
Plantations Available?
It is planted as a shadow and wayside tree in India and Sri Lanka.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood semi-ring porous and/or ring porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Occasionally tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 more than 20 (very abundant). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pi Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. Axial parenchyma bands more than 3 cells wide. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
The wood often has an aromatic cedar-like odor.
Color
The heartwood is pale red to reddish-brown, darkening to dark red-brown on exposure, clearly demarcated from the gray-white, pink or pale red sapwood.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
4
Grain
The grain is straight to interlocked, sometimes wavy.
Texture
This wood has a somewhat coarse texture.
Natural Durability
In Malaysia, the wood is rated as non-durable. Other reports indicate that the heartwood is moderately durable but susceptible to dry-wood termite and borer attack.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
4
Silica Content
Silica Content: The wood has a high silica content which affects wood processing. Silica Value: 0.501
Resistance To Impregnation
The heartwood is resistant to impregnation with preservatives, even under pressure. The sapwood is permeable to preservatives.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.52
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.57
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
6.6
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
3.7
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately easy; some particular care is needed. Drying Defects: Risks of distortions. Kiln Schedules: The kiln schedule has been tested.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-J
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.8
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
920
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
105017
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
407
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
71
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
399
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
470
Workability
Sawing
Cutting resistance is generally low.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Lamination of this species is possible.
Sliced Veneer
Lamination of this species is possible.
Machining
This species is easy to machine. Sometimes woolly surfaces are reported.
Planing
Planing of this species is reported to be easy.
Moulding
It gives good results in molding.
Boring
Boring operations are fair to difficult.
Mortising
Mortising of this species is fair.
Nailing
It is easy to nail.
Gluing
Gluing of this species is easy.
Sanding
Sanding properties are rated as fair.
Finishing
Filling is necessary.
Polishing
It is easy to polish.
Substitute Species
It can substitute Spanish Cedar (Cedrela spp.).
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, flooring, frames, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, luxury furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, Decorative veneer, BENDING, SPORTS, TOOLS, agricultural tools, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, cigar boxes
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Furniture, Luxury
- 22 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section IV-Asian and Oceanian Woods
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Faces
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Decorative veneer
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Bending
- 35 - Embassy of Myanmar in Japan
Sports
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Other & Musical Instruments
- 63 - Madeiras do Brazil II
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Cigar Box
- 68 - Contribucion al conocimiento de la resistencia mecanica de la madera de peumo
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