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PYINKADO (Xylia xylocarpa)
Trade Name
Pyinkado
Scientific Name
Xylia xylocarpa Taub.
Family
LEGUMINOSAE
Common Names
Yerul; Trumalla; Trul; Tiriwa; The ironwood of Burma; Tangudu; Tangedi; Tangani; Suria; Suaba; Shilve; Pyin; Pran; Praing; Pkhay; Pegu ironwood; Pangali; Panga; Orjori; Mai-sak; Mai-sa-lan; Kongora; Konda tangedu; Kadamaram; Kada; Jambu; Jambe; Jamba; Irummala; Eruvalu; Cam xe; Bojeh; Boja; Sokram (Cambodia); Cam-xe (Vietnam); Irul (India); Daeng (Thailand); Pyinkado (Myanmar); Burma ironwood (Myanmar); Deng (Laos)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Xylia dolabriformis Benth.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
Medium sized deciduous tree, up to 30 to 37 m in height and 75 cm in girth. The bole is branchless for up to 25 m, occasionally fluted, usually straight and cylindrical. The buttresses are small or absent.
Natural Habitat
Xylia xylocarpa is reported in dry evergreen forests, mixed deciduous forests and dry deciduous dipterocarp forests, up to 850 m of altitude.
Natural Distribution
It is distributed in Myanmar and India and extending eastward into Cambodia and Thailand.
Plantations Available?
This species is planted within its natural area of distribution.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Occasionally wood semi-ring porous and/or ring porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less (very small). Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to int Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells and/or in fibers. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma st 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Septate fibers present. Fibers very thick walled. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
It has no characteristic odor or taste.
Color
The sapwood varies from pale yellowish brown to reddish white. The heartwood is reddish brown.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
2
Grain
This timber has usually wavy or interlocked grain.
Texture
Texture of this species is reported to vary from fine to medium.
Natural Durability
It is very durable and very resistant to fungi and insect attack, also against marine borers.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
1
Resistance To Impregnation
The sapwood is reported to be easy to preserve but the heartwood is untreatable.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.97
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
1.14
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
6.7
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
3.3
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is rather slow and sometimes difficult to perform. Drying Defects: Risks of checks and distortions. Kiln Schedules: The kiln schedule has been tested.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-C; US-T3-C2
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.0
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1446
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
169645
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
811
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
158
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
999
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
1017
Workability
Sawing
The wood is difficult to saw, but it is easier when green.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
It is not suitable for plywood manufacture.
Sliced Veneer
It is not suitable for plywood manufacture.
Blunting Effect
It is considered to have a severe blunting effect on the cutting elements.
Machining
The use of tungsten carbide-tipped cutters and a reduced angle of 20 degrees are recommended.
Planing
Planing is reported to be difficult.
Turning
30
Nailing
It needs pre-boring.
Gluing
Resin can impede gluing.
Finishing
Finishing is good unless high resin contents are present.
Substitute Species
It could substitute South American Green-Heart, African Azobe and Tali.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, poles, stakes posts, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, flooring, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, TURNING, BENDING, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, CONTAINERS, chemical storage, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, port pillar
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Bridges
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Poles
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Stake Posts
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Crossties
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Bending
- 35 - Embassy of Myanmar in Japan
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Containers
- 50 - Properties of imported tropical woods
Chemical Storage
- 52 - Propiedades mecanicas y asociadas del pino insigne (Pinus radiata d.don)
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Port Pillar
- 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
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