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CEIBA, FROMAGER (Ceiba pentandra)
Nom commercial
Ceiba, Fromager
Nom scientifique (avec auteur)
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.
Famille
BOMBACACEAE
Noms communs (pays)
Samaúma Lisa (Brazil); Samaúma (Brazil); Cotton Wood (United Kingdom); Ceiba (United States of America); Panya (Trinidad & Tobago); Panya (Jamaica); Panya (Nicaragua); Paineira (Brazil); Ceiba (Peru); Huimba (Peru); Guambush (Ecuador); Uchuputu (Ecuador); Mapajo (Bolivia); Lupuna blanca (Peru); Kalngebárd; Ceiba (Venezuela); Kapok; Kalngebard; Kaddo Bakkoe; Fuma; Doum; Cyyba; Cutin; Cottontree; Cottin; Ceibo;Xiloxochitl; White cotton-tree; Sumaumeira; Sumauma commum; Silk-cotton-tree; Silk-cotton; Seiba; Poxot; Pochotle; Pochotl; Pochote; Piton; Piim; Peem; Ogouma; Ofua; M`fuma; Konde; Kapokier; Grand bois; Fromagier; Enyenoa; Egungun; Cotonnier; Corkwood; Ceibon; Cabellos de angel; Busana; Busan; Bousana; Bouday; Bossongo; Bois coton; Betenbi; Benten; Bentegnie; Bentang; Baumwollenbaum; Baumwollbaum; Banan; Bana; Arbre a coton; Arbol de algodon; Odouma (Gabon); Bouma (Gabon); Doukm (Gabon); Odouma (Cameroon); Bouma (Cameroon); Silk cotton-tree (United States of America); Ceiba (United Kingdom); Ceiba (Germany); Kakantrie (Netherlands); Fromager (France); Fuma (Congo); Fuma (Zaire); Doum (Cameroon); Okha (Nigeria); Araba (Nigeria); Ghe (Liberia); Onyina (Ghana); Fromager (Côte d`Ivoire); Enia (Côte d`Ivoire); Banda (Sierra Leone); Ngwe (Sierra Leone) Ceiba De Garzón; Bulik; Bongo; Bonga (Colombia); Batte Ni Gan` Ken; Atgodon Di Manila; Araba; Algodon De Manila; Sumahuma; Kumaka; Ceiba (Colombia); Cabello De Angel; Cabello De Algodón; Árbol De Algodón (Mexico); Pachote; Fromager (Guyana); Ceibón (Nicaragua); Ceibo Jabillo; Ceiba Yuca (Venezuela); Ceiba De Lana; Kapok Tree; Cork Wood; White Cotton Tree; Silk-Cotton Tree; Cotton Tree; Ceiba (Bolivia)
Synonymes du nom scientifique (avec auteurs)
Eriodendron anfractuosum DC.; Ceiba thonningii A. Chev.; Bombax pentandrum L.; Bombax occidentale Spreng.; Bombax guineense Thonn. in Schumann; Ceiba guineensis (Thonn.) A. Chev.; Ceiba casearia Medik.; Ceiba caribaea (DC.) A. Chev.; Ceiba anfractuosa (DC.) Maza; Bombax pentandrum L.; Bombax occidentale Spreng; Bombax guineense Thonn. in Schumann
DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE
Description botanique
The trees are reported to be some of the largest in the Amazonia, reaching heights of up to 60 m, with trunk diameters of 200 cm or more. The boles are cylindrical over the well developed buttresses, covered with spines, with commercial lengths of about
Habitat naturel
Ceiba pentandra is a pioneer, fast growing, species found in the humid areas of varzea primary forests and in secondary forests. In Bolivia it is reported in transitional savanna and rain forests at altitudes of about 250 m. In Africa Ceiba pentandra is found more or less scattered in secondary forest formations.
Répartition naturelle
It is reported in tropical America, West Africa, Southeast Asia and throughout the West Indies.
Existence de plantations?
This species is planted in tropical areas throughout the world.
Usages non ligneux
The seeds are crushed and used in soups in Africa, they are reported to contain 20 to 25% of an edible oil which is also used as a lubricant and for soap manufacture.
IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS
Description anatomique du bois
Occasionally wood semi-ring porous and/or ring porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Axial parenchyma absent or extremely rare, non visible with magnifying glass (8x). Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma in continuous tangential lines (in Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays.
Disponibilité
Statut CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS
Teinte
The sapwood is pale white. The heartwood is described as reddish or pale -yellow.
Index de Teinte (1 = Noir, 7 = Jaune clair)
6
Grain
It has highly interlocked grain; special care is needed when drying because of frequent risks of distortion.
Texture
Texture is medium to coarse.
Luster
Luster is medium to rather low.
Durabilité naturelle
This species is considered as non durable to decay or insect attacks.
Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)
5
Tensions internes de croissance
No growth stresses are reported in this species.
Teneur en silice
Negligible contents of silica are found in timber of this species. Amounts over 0.05% may affect the wood processing. Silica Value: 0.01
Résistance à l'imprégnation
Easy to treat with a full penetration of the preservative products using vacuum-pressure method.
PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS
Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)
0.31
Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)
0.33
Retrait tangentiel total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
5.2
Retrait radial total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
2.5
Défauts dus au séchage
Ease of Drying: The timber seasons well with little degrade.
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir recommandé
US-T10-D5S; UK-J; JUNAC-A; FR-4
Ratio de stabilité dimensionnelle (% retrait tangentiel total/% retrait radial total)
2.1
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KD_USA_ENG.pdf
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KD_British_ENG.pdf
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KD_JUNAC_SPA.pdf
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/KD_French.pdf
PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS
PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS
Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
339
Rigidité (module d'élasticité_ MOE) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
41797
Résistance à la compression parallèle à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
198
Résistance à la compression perpendiculaire à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
21
Résistance au cisaillement (radial) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
37
Dureté Janka (latérale) 12%TH (kgf)
125
Dureté Janka (extrémités) 12%TH (kgf)
192
OUVRABILITÉ
Sciage
This wood is difficult to saw cleanly, because it is very soft and tends to tear out or leave fuzzy edges.
Coupe de placage de déroulage
This species is used for peeling, it does not require a thermal treatment.
Placage tranche
This species is used for peeling, it does not require a thermal treatment.
Effet d'émoussement
The wood exerts a slight blunting effect on cutters.
Usinage
This species is easy to machine.
Rabotage
Cutting edges must be kept very sharp since worked surfaces tend to be woolly. Reduced attack angles are recommended.
Moulurage
The wood is rated as fairly difficult to mould. Fuzzy surfaces are reported to be common.
Tournage
30
Perçage
The wood is extremely soft. It tends to tear out and leave woolly surfaces in boring operations.
Clouage
Nailing is easy, but nail-holding properties are very poor.
Collage
The wood is reported to glue well.
Ponçage
Particular care is needed to avoid woolly aspect of the surface.
Polissage
Needs pre-coating.
Compatibilité avec outils manuels
The material is reported to be easy to work. Torn grain is common.
UTILISATIONS
UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)
HOUSING GENERAL, panelling, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, cores, common veneer, TURNING, SPORTS, table tennis, PACKING, light packing, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, door core, scale model
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Panneaux
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Accessoires en bois
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Meubles ordinaire
- 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Armoires
- 24 - Empire Timbers
PANNEAUX ET PLACAGE
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Faces (de placage)
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
âmes (de placage)
- 27 - Embassy of Brazil in Japan
Placage ordinaire
- 29 - Embassy of Ecuador in Japan
Tournage
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
SPORTS
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
tennis detable
- 41 - Embassy of the Philippines
EMBALLAGE
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Embal_léger
- 46 - ECUADOR, Inventario y Aprovechamiento de los Bosques del Sur Ecuatoriano
CONSTRUCTION NAVALE
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Navires
- 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
Artisanat
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
âme_porte
- 76 - Descripción General y Anatómica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino.
Maquettes
- 83 - Algunas caracteristicas fisicomecanicas de la madera de tres especies de la cordillera NeoVolcanica
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