COULA (Coula edulis)
Nom commercial
Coula
Nom scientifique (avec auteur)
Coula edulis Baill.
Famille
OLACACEAE
Noms communs (pays)
Ivianlegbe (Nigeria); Attia (Côte d`Ivoire); Ewoumeu (Gabon); Kumunu (Congo); Woula (Cameroon); Kommol (Cameroon); Ewomé (Cameroon); Engom (Cameroon); Coula (Cameroon); Srah; Sra; Okolla; Nkula; Kumunu-kumunu; Gabon nut; Ewoumeu; Ewome; Ebo; Coula; Bogue; Bodwe; Attia; Atsan; Almond wood; Akion; African walnut
DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE
Description botanique
The tree is 18 to 37 m tall, with diameters from 60 to 90 cm. The bole is occasionally irregular, clear up to 21 m. It presents claw roots.
Habitat naturel
Coula edulis prefers rain forests, evergreen or dense deciduous forests, and is found as a dominant in primitive forests.
IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS
Description anatomique du bois
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 to 150 micras (small). Tyloses thin walled. Non-vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 10 to 20 (abundant). Scalariform perforation plates with 5 to 15 b Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Prismatic crystals in short chains in chambered axial parenchyma cells. Over 9 cells per parenchyma strand. Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays non-storied. Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays. Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
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Vue macroscopique du bois (plan tangentiel)
-
Vue microscopique d'une section transversale du bois
Disponibilité
Statut CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS
Teinte
The sapwood is pinkish brown. The heartwood is red-brown or wine-colored with brown veins and markings, it is not clearly demarcated.
Index de Teinte (1 = Noir, 7 = Jaune clair)
4
Grain
Straight or slightly interlocked; grain has no particular influence on drying, machining and finishing qualities.
Texture
The wood is typically fine in texture.
Luster
Luster is usually low.
Durabilité naturelle
Very durable to decay; without preservative treatment. This species is especially suited for all the uses with risks of permanent or long-lasting humidification. Resistant to termites attack. Heartwood is resistant to Lyctus attacks.
Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)
1
Tensions internes de croissance
No residual growth stresses are found.
Teneur en silice
Silica Content: Negligible content of silica is reported. Amounts over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0.01
Résistance à l'imprégnation
Difficult to treat with only a low penetration of the preservative products.
PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS
Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)
0.87
Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)
1.01
Retrait tangentiel total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
8.5
Retrait radial total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
4.5
Défauts dus au séchage
Ease of Drying: Air drying is without undue difficulty. Drying Defects: It has a tendency to end-splitting.
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir recommandé
FR-9
Ratio de stabilité dimensionnelle (% retrait tangentiel total/% retrait radial total)
1.9
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/KD_French.pdf
PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS
PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS
Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
1443
Rigidité (module d'élasticité_ MOE) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
198650
Résistance à la compression parallèle à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
794
Résistance à la compression perpendiculaire à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
115
Résistance au cisaillement (radial) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
114
Dureté Janka (latérale) 12%TH (kgf)
1296
Dureté Janka (extrémités) 12%TH (kgf)
1285
OUVRABILITÉ
Sciage
Sawing of this species requires powerful equipment.
Coupe de placage de déroulage
Not suitable for veneering.
Placage tranche
Not suitable for veneering.
Effet d'émoussement
Moderate blunting effect; stellited blades for sawing and carbide tools for machining are advised.
Usinage
It needs powerful tools for processing. Possible difficulties caused by interlocked grain are reported.
Rabotage
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Moulurage
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Perçage
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Mortaisage
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Clouage
Pre-boring is necessary.
Collage
Difficult to glue because of high density.
Ponçage
Easy to perform; it gives good results.
Polissage
Can be polished without surface preparation.
Compatibilité avec outils manuels
Working with hand tools is difficult.
UTILISATIONS
UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)
EXTERIOR GENERAL, poles, paling, stakes posts, crossarms, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, parquet, frames, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring
EXTERIOR GENERAL
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Poteaux
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Pieux de cloture
- 4 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas da bicuiba
Piquets
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Crosses
- 7 - Maderas latinoamericanas. II, Quercus alata Q. costaricensis y Q. eugeniaefolia
Traverses de chemin de fer
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Pouters
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Solives
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Planches
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Planchers
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Parquets
- 15 - Empire Timbers
Cadres
- 16 - Woods of the World
Carros_camion
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Wagons
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
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