EBONY (Diospyros crassiflora)
Nom commercial
Ebony
Nom scientifique (avec auteur)
Diospyros crassiflora Hiern
Famille
EBENACEAE
Noms communs (pays)
Ebene (Benin); Ebène (France); Ebène (Belgium)
Synonymes du nom scientifique (avec auteurs)
Diospyros evila Pierre ex A. Chev.; Diospyros ampullacea Gurke
DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE
Description botanique
The tree may reach a height of 15 m. The bole is short, up to 10 m, straight and fluted. The trunk diameter may attain 100 cm.
Habitat naturel
Diospyros crassiflora grows in semi-deciduous forests. It is a gregarious species found in almost pure stands near riverbanks.
Répartition naturelle
From Nigeria to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS
Description anatomique du bois
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 to 150 micras (small). Non-vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 6 to 10 (medium). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pit Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Occasionally axial parenchyma in discontinuous tangential lines. Prismatic crystals in short chains in chambered axial parenchyma cells. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays non-storied. Rays exclusively uniseriate. Occasionally prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays.
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Vue macroscopique du bois (plan tangentiel)
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Vue microscopique d'une section transversale du bois
Disponibilité
Statut CITES
CITES III
DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS
Teinte
The sapwood is pale brown to reddish, eventually with black spots, it has a thickness of up to 15 cm. The heartwood is uniform jet-black or black brown or dark brown with black streaks, it is clearly demarcated.
Index de Teinte (1 = Noir, 7 = Jaune clair)
1
Grain
Straight; grain has no particular influence on drying, machining and finishing qualities.
Texture
The wood is typically fine in texture.
Durabilité naturelle
Very durable to decay; without preservative treatment. This species is especially suited for all the uses with risks of permanent or long-lasting humidification. Resistant to termites attack. Heartwood is resistant to Lyctus attacks.
Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)
1
Résistance à l'imprégnation
Nearly impossible to treat with a too much low penetration of the preservative substances.
PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS
Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)
0.90
Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)
1.05
Retrait tangentiel total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
12.5
Retrait radial total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
10.0
Défauts dus au séchage
Ease of Drying: Initial moisture contents may be very high. 25mmboard can be kiln dries from the greeen with a mild schedule. but 50mm stock should undergo preliminary air drying. Drying Defects: Collapse, insiginificiant, in fully air dried material, may occur in kiln drying but is largely over come by reconditioning. Presteaming should not be undertaker as it accentuates collapse and has no significiant effect on drying rates. Kiln Schedules: 25mm backsawn board kiln dry in 5days, quarter sawn stack takes 8-9 days from green. to 12% moisture content. If collapse present, at 4-6 hours reconditioning treatment is advised after kiln-drying.
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir recommandé
FR-13
Ratio de stabilité dimensionnelle (% retrait tangentiel total/% retrait radial total)
1.3
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/KD_French.pdf
PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS
PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS
Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
1467
Rigidité (module d'élasticité_ MOE) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
126356
Résistance à la compression parallèle à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
540
OUVRABILITÉ
Sciage
Sawing of this species requires powerful equipment.
Coupe de placage de déroulage
Suitable for slicing.
Placage tranche
Suitable for slicing.
Effet d'émoussement
Moderate blunting effect; stellited blades for sawing and carbide tools for machining are advised.
Usinage
It needs powerful tools for processing. Possible difficulties caused by interlocked grain are reported.
Rabotage
Rather difficult; special tools are needed.
Moulurage
Easy; no particular problems.
Tournage
30
Perçage
Easy; no particular problems.
Mortaisage
Easy; no particular problems.
Clouage
Pre-boring is necessary.
Collage
Difficult to glue because of high density.
Ponçage
Easy to perform; it gives good results.
Polissage
Can be polished without surface preparation.
Cintrage à la vapeur
Steam bending is difficult.
Compatibilité avec outils manuels
Working with hand tools is difficult.
UTILISATIONS
UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)
HOUSING GENERAL, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, luxury furniture, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, Decorative veneer, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, cutlery, lasts, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Accessoires en bois
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Meubles luxe
- 22 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section IV-Asian and Oceanian Woods
Armoires
- 24 - Empire Timbers
PANNEAUX ET PLACAGE
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Placage tranché
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Tournage
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Ornements
- 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Ornements
- 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
Manches de couverts
- 33 - Embassy of Gabon in Japan
Formes à chaussures
- 34 - Embassy of Indonesia in Japan
AUTRES ET INSTRUMENTS DE MUSIQUE
- 63 - Madeiras do Brazil II
Artisanat
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
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