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ESSESSANG (Ricinodendron heudelotii)
Nom commercial
Essessang
Nom scientifique (avec auteur)
Ricinodendron heudelotii Pierre
Famille
EUPHORBIACEAE
Noms communs (pays)
Eho (Côte d`Ivoire); Musodo (Uganda); Kisongo (Uganda); Musodo (Tanzania); Musodo (Kenya); Musodo (Ethiopia); Okhuen (Nigeria); Erimado (United Kingdom); Kishongo (Uganda); Mungomo (Mozambique); Munguella (Angola); Essessang (Cameroon); Bofeko (Zaire); Sanga-Sanga (Congo); Nsezang (Equatorial Guinea); Esesang (Gabon); Ezezang (Cameroon); Erimado (Nigeria); Wama (Ghana)
Synonymes du nom scientifique (avec auteurs)
Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Heckel; Ricinodendron heudelotii subsp. africanum; Ricinodendron africanum Muell. Arg.; Jatropha heudelotii Baill.
DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE
Description botanique
The tree reaches a maximum height of 32 m, but sometimes only 6 to 10 m. The bole is cylindrical, straight, sometimes buttressed. The trunk diameter attains 100 up to 130 cm.
Habitat naturel
Ricinodendron heudelotii is found in dry coastal forest, rain forest, in secondary formations and in riparian forests in the savanna.
Répartition naturelle
West Africa, from Guinea to Angola and Uganda.
IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS
Description anatomique du bois
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Tyloses thin walled. Non-vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits sim Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays non-storied. Rays exclusively uniseriate. Heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays. Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Disponibilité
Statut CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS
Teinte
The heartwood is whitish to pale yellow, it is not demarcated.
Index de Teinte (1 = Noir, 7 = Jaune clair)
7
Grain
Straight; grain has no particular influence on drying, machining and finishing qualities.
Texture
The texture is typically medium to coarse.
Durabilité naturelle
Not durable; important risks of decay attacks at any processing step, from logs up to final products. It must receive preservative treatment. Sensible to termites attack. The heartwood is sensible to Lyctus attacks.
Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)
5
Tensions internes de croissance
Residual stresses are reported to be absent.
Résistance à l'imprégnation
Easy to treat with a full penetration of the preservative products using vacuum-pressure method.
PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS
Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)
0.25
Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)
0.26
Retrait tangentiel total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
4.8
Retrait radial total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
2.0
Défauts dus au séchage
Ease of Drying: Drying is rather slow and sometimes difficult to perform. Drying Defects: Risks of checks and distortions. Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed as a reference by comparison with well known species taking into account to the general technological behavior of this species.
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir recommandé
FR-4
Ratio de stabilité dimensionnelle (% retrait tangentiel total/% retrait radial total)
2.4
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/KD_French.pdf
PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS
PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS
Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
313
Rigidité (module d'élasticité_ MOE) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
53320
Résistance à la compression parallèle à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
199
Résistance à la compression perpendiculaire à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
18
Résistance au cisaillement (radial) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
29
Dureté Janka (latérale) 12%TH (kgf)
80
Dureté Janka (extrémités) 12%TH (kgf)
141
OUVRABILITÉ
Sciage
It is easy to saw.
Coupe de placage de déroulage
Suitable for peeling without treatment.
Placage tranche
Suitable for peeling without treatment.
Effet d'émoussement
Slight blunting effect; ordinary tools can be used for sawing and machining.
Usinage
Machining of this species is reportedly easy.
Rabotage
Easy; no particular problems.
Moulurage
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Perçage
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Mortaisage
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Clouage
Easy to perform but low nails holding.
Collage
Glues well if basic gluing technical rules are followed.
Ponçage
Particular care is needed to avoid woolly aspect of the surface.
Polissage
Needs pre-coating.
Compatibilité avec outils manuels
No particular problems.
UTILISATIONS
UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)
FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, cores, PACKING, light packing, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, door core, coffin, moldings, scale model
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Meubles ordinaire
- 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
PANNEAUX ET PLACAGE
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
âmes (de placage)
- 27 - Embassy of Brazil in Japan
EMBALLAGE
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Embal_léger
- 46 - ECUADOR, Inventario y Aprovechamiento de los Bosques del Sur Ecuatoriano
âme_porte
- 76 - Descripción General y Anatómica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino.
Cercueils
- 78 - Amazonian Timbers for the International Market
Moulures
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
Maquettes
- 83 - Algunas caracteristicas fisicomecanicas de la madera de tres especies de la cordillera NeoVolcanica
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