GRENADILLE AFRIQUE (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
Nom commercial
Grenadille Afrique
Nom scientifique (avec auteur)
Dalbergia melanoxylon Guill. et Perr.
Famille
LEGUMINOSAE
Noms communs (pays)
Ebene (Senegal); African Grenadillo (United Kingdom); Afrikanisches Grenadill (Germany); Umbambangwe; Tareh; Shami; Senegal ebony; Samachi; Rugbe; Rit; Red; Poyi; Pingo; Opo; Murwiti; Munhowe; Mumhingwe; Mukudziti; Muhati; Mugweze; Mufulamamba; Mozambique ebony; Motangu; Lurr; Funiti; East African blackwood; Driedoring; Did; Chiku; Chella; Cape damson; Bokango; Black botany bay wood; Begboio; Babanus; African ebony; Afrikanisches grenadille (Germany); Ebene du mozambique (France); African grenadillo African grenadillo (United Kingdom); African blackwood (United Kingdom); Mukelete (Zimbabwe); Banbanus (Sudan); Mufunjo (Uganda); Mpingo (Tanzania); Grenadilla (Mozambique); Pau-Preto (Mozambique); Mukelete (Reunion); Mugembe (Tanzania); Grenadille Afrique
Synonymes du nom scientifique (avec auteurs)
Amerimnon melanoxylon (Guill. & Perr.) Kuntze
DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE
Description botanique
The tree is much branched, usually multi-stemmed and small, 5 to 8 m in height, sometimes as much as 16 m. The bole is short, cylindrical, often fluted and rarely over 30 cm in diameter.
Habitat naturel
Dalbergia melanoxylon occurs on a wide variety of sites from sea level to 1,050 m of altitude.
Répartition naturelle
East and Central Africa, from Sudan to Mozambique, to Angola, and to Senegal.
Usages non ligneux
Contains some resins or extracts which could pose problems when machining or finishing.
IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS
Description anatomique du bois
Wood semi-ring porous and/or ring porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 to 150 micras (small). Brown-colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 more than 20 (very abund Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma storied. Prismatic crystals in short chains in chambered Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays storied. Rays 1 to 2 seriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III). Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
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Vue macroscopique du bois (plan tangentiel)
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Vue microscopique d'une section transversale du bois
Disponibilité
Statut CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS
Teinte
The sapwood is yellowish white. The heartwood is dark purple-brown with black streaks, it is sharply demarcated.
Index de Teinte (1 = Noir, 7 = Jaune clair)
1
Grain
Straight; grain has no particular influence on drying, machining and finishing qualities.
Texture
This wood has a somewhat fine texture.
Durabilité naturelle
Very durable to decay; without preservative treatment. This species is especially suited for all the uses with risks of permanent or long-lasting humidification. Resistant to termites attack. Heartwood is resistant to Lyctus attacks.
Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)
1
Tensions internes de croissance
No growth stresses are reported in this species.
Résistance à l'imprégnation
Nearly impossible to treat with a too much low penetration of the preservative substances.
PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS
Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)
1.07
Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)
1.29
Défauts dus au séchage
Ease of Drying: Air seasoning of Resak is reported to be moderately slow. Boards of 25 mm thick take about 2.5 months to dry from 35% to 15% moisture content. Drying Defects: Risk of warping, checking and deformation.
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir recommandé
FR-13
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/KD_French.pdf
PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS
PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS
Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
1650
Rigidité (module d'élasticité_ MOE) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
206458
Résistance à la compression parallèle à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
729
Résistance à la compression perpendiculaire à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
103
Dureté Janka (latérale) 12%TH (kgf)
2123
Dureté Janka (extrémités) 12%TH (kgf)
1903
OUVRABILITÉ
Sciage
Sawing of this species requires powerful equipment.
Coupe de placage de déroulage
Not suitable for veneering.
Placage tranche
Not suitable for veneering.
Effet d'émoussement
Severe blunting effect; stellited blades for sawing and carbide tools for machining are recommended.
Usinage
It needs powerful tools for processing. Possible difficulties caused by interlocked grain are reported.
Rabotage
Rather difficult; special tools are needed.
Moulurage
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Perçage
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Mortaisage
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Clouage
Pre-boring is necessary.
Collage
Difficult to glue because of the extracts content.
Ponçage
Easy to perform; it gives good results.
Polissage
Can be polished without surface preparation.
Compatibilité avec outils manuels
Working with hand tools is difficult.
UTILISATIONS
UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)
HOUSING GENERAL, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Accessoires en bois
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
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