LIMBA/FRAKé (Terminalia superba)
Nome comercial
Limba/Fraké
Nome científico (autor)
Terminalia superba Engl. et Diels
Família
COMBRETACEAE
Nomes comuns
Kojagei (Sierra Leone); Fraké (Côte d`Ivoire); Frake (Benin); Noyer du Mayombe (for woods with black heart) (France); Limba (France); Fraké (France); Korina (United States of America); Limba (Congo); N'ganga (Central African Republic); Yellow pine; White limba; Weiss; Unwonrom; Tra; Shingle wood; Pe; Owebala; Ojiloko; Offram; Noyer limbo; Noyer du Mayombe; Noyer; N`limba; N`kom; N`dimba; Mukonja; Moukonia; Limba noir; Limba clair; Light limba; Landi; Kumkunbe; Kosina; Korina; Kongo; Kone; Kom; Kojag?i; Kojaagei; Kegblale; Ka-ren; Gbararada; Frany; Frango; Frane; Framo; Frameri; Fram; Frak; Faraen; End; Eji; Egoyin; Egonni; Egoin nufua; Egean; Edo; Djombe; Dark noir; Dark limba; Congo walnut; Chene-limbo; Chene limbo; Bokone; Blie; Bese; Baya; Bale; An rin; Akam; Aghan; Afraa; Afodonko; Afia afia; Afa; Konira (United States of America); Noyer du mayobe (France); Frake (France); Limbo (France); Limba (Zaire); Limba Limba (Congo); N`ganga (Central African Republic); Akom (Equatorial Guinea); Akom (Cameroon); White afara (Nigeria); Afara (Nigeria); Ofram (Ghana); Frake (Côte d`Ivoire); Limba (Angola)
Nome científico sinônimo (autor
Terminalia altissima A. Chev.
DESCRIÇÃO DA ÁRVORE
Descrição botânica
The tree has a total height up to 35 m, with diameters up to 130 cm. The boles are straight and cylindrical. It presents 4 buttresses up to 4 or 5 m tall.
Habitat natural
Terminalia superba occurs in small dense forests, rain forests and in savanna forests.
Distribuição natural
West and Central Africa, from Sierra Leone to Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Existência de plantações?
Because of its easy growth and timber qualities it has been tested for plantation in many countries. Acclimatization trials have been conducted outside of its natural habitat in Africa (Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, Dem. Rep. of the Congo, Zimbabwe)
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DA MADEIRA
Descrição anatômica da madeira (macro e micro)
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Tyloses thin walled. Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar Occasionally axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. 3 to 4 cells pe Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays non-storied. Rays exclusively uniseriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
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Foto de madeira macroscópica (radial)
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Foto da secção transversal microscopica
DISPONIBILIDADE
Situação CITES sobre a proteção
Unrestricted
DESCRIÇÃO GERAL DA MADEIRA
Cor
The heartwood is yellow white, or with blackish brown veins or greyish brown heart, it is not clearly demarcated. The silver figure is fine (barely visible).
Indice de cor
4
Grã
Straight or slightly interlocked, sometimes with an influence on further processing operations.
Veios ou desenhos na superfície
The texture varies from fine to medium.
Brilho
This species is low in luster.
DURABILIDADE NATURAL
Not durable; important risks of decay attacks at any processing step, from logs up to final products. It must receive preservative treatment. Sensible to termites attack. The heartwood is sensible to Lyctus attacks.
Indice de durabilidade natural
5
Tensões internas do crescimento
Growth stresses are reported in this species.
Conteúdo de sílica
Silica Content: This timber is reported to have a negligible silica content. Silica contents over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0.01
Tratamento preservativo
Moderately easy to treat with a partial penetration of the preservative products.
PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DA MADEIRA
Densidade básica (Peso seco/Volume saturado) (g/cm³)
0.50
Densidade seca ao ar 12% (g/cm³)
0.54
Contração Tangencial Total (Saturado até peso seco) (%)
6.1
Contração Radial Total (Saturado até peso seco) (%)
4.3
Defeitos causados pela secagem
Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately easy; some particular care is needed.
Programa de secagem recomendável
FR-3
Estabilidade dimensional (Contração Tangencial Total %/Contração Radial Total %)
1.4
Programa de secagem detalhado
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/KD_French.pdf
PROPRIEDADES QUÍMICAS DA MADEIRA
PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS DA MADEIRA
Resistência a flexão a 12% (Módulo de ruptura) (kgf/cm²)
811
Flexão Estática a 12% (Módulo de elasticidade) (kgf/cm²)
119731
Resistência a compressão paralela as fibras a 12% (kgf/cm²)
475
Resistência a compressão perpendicular as fibras a 12% (kgf/cm²)
58
Cisalhamento radial a 12% (kgf/cm²)
57
Dureza Janka a 12% (perpendicular) (kgf)
363
Dureza Janka a 12% (paralela) (kgf)
467
TRABALHABILIDADE
Serrar ou Cortar
It is easy to saw.
Desdobro da tora em torno para lâminas
Suitable for slicing and peeling.
Desdobro da tora em faqueadeira para lâminas
Suitable for slicing and peeling.
Desgaste de ferramentas
Slight blunting effect; ordinary tools can be used for sawing and machining.
Aspectos do processamento em máquinas
Machining of this species is reportedly easy.
Aplainamento
Easy; no particular problems.
Aplicação para molduras
Easy; no particular problems.
Furação
Easy; no particular problems.
Fresagem_ranhura_canais
Easy; no particular problems.
Comportamento na aplicação de pregos
No particular problem.
Colagem
Glues well if basic gluing technical rules are followed.
Lixamento
Easy to perform; it gives good results.
Operação de lustre da superfície (brilho)
Can be polished without surface preparation.
Steam Bending
This species can be used for steam bending.
Trabalhabilidade com ferramentas manuais
No particular problems.
USOS FINAIS RELATADOS
USOS FINAIS (RESUMO)
HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, frames, steps, panelling, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, Decorative veneer, PACKING, heavy packing, pallets, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, door core, coffin, moldings, cementboard
CASAS
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Vigas
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Vigotas
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Tábuas
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Marcos de portas
- 16 - Woods of the World
Degraus de escada
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Painéis
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Acessórios de madeira
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
MÓVEIS GABINETES
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Móveis comuns
- 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
CHAPAS
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Lâminas de superfície das chapas
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Lâminas decorativas
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
PALETES PARA EMBALAGENS
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Caixotaria pesada
- 47 - Arvores Brasileiras
Paletes
- 48 - The strength properties of timbers
Artesanato
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Alma de porta
- 76 - Descripción General y Anatómica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino.
Ataúde
- 78 - Amazonian Timbers for the International Market
Molduras de quadros
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
Cementboard
- 81 - Madeiras da Amazônia: descrição do lenho de 40 espécies ocorrentes na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós
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