ABURA/BAHIA (Hallea stipulosa)
Trade Name
Abura/Bahia
Scientific Name
Hallea stipulosa Leroy
Family
RUBIACEAE
Common Names
Mboi (Sierra Leone); Abura (Nigeria); Subaha (Ghana); Bahia (Côte d`Ivoire); Bahia (France); Mvuku (Zaire); Elelom Nzam (Gabon); Elelon (Equatorial Guinea); Vuku (Congo); Elolom (Cameroon); Nzingu (Uganda); Nzingu (Zambia); Mivuko (Angola); Yowi; Yar-yar; Ya-ya; Wuwoko; Wowovoko; Vuku; Voukou; Uwen; Ugbodokossa; Uburn; Ubura; Ubolu-mili; Tileul d`afrique; Supuya; Subosema; Subaya; Subaha; Songwa; Sofo; Powo; Popoe; Popo; Poplar; Pope; Poboi; Ovbevbe; Oo; Ohombe; Ogouwa; Obul; Obol; Obi; Nzingu; Mvuku; Munyamaizi; Munga; Muho; Moukonia malamba; Mboroagalaga; Mboi; Maluku; Malucu; Maloucou; M`boy; Louambo; Kwo-kwo; Kpowo; Kpoo; Kofo; Kechi lebet; Iluku; Idabakoror; False opepe; Ewe; Eti-ayip; Elilom; Eben; Ebar; Eba; Dong; Burokossa; Bulokossa; Bopi-le; Boh; Boei; Bo; Beya; Beiya; Baya; Bahia; Ba; Am-bop; Akpakosso; Agidilif; African linden; Afop zam; Abura
Scientific Name Synonyms
Nauclea stipulosa DC.; Mitragyna stipulosa (DC.) Kuntze; Mitragyna macrophylla (Perr. & Lepr. ex DC.) Hiern
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
The tree reaches a height of 35 m, it often has short, thick buttresses. The trunk diameter attains 70 cm.
Natural Habitat
Hallea stipulosa widespread and important source of timber which occurs most commonly in swampy areas. It is dominant in swamp forests, rain forests and along lake shores.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 more than 20 (very abundant). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Intervessel pits medium, 7 to 10 mi Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Non-crystals in axial parenchyma cells. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays non-storied. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Occasionally silica bodies in the ray cells. Heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays. Non-septate fibers. Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
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Wood Macro Photo Radial Plane
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Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The heartwood is pink beige to pinkish brown, it is not clearly demarcated. The silver figure is fine.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
Straight; grain has no particular influence on drying, machining and finishing qualities.
Texture
The wood is mostly fine in texture.
Luster
Timber of this species is low in luster.
Natural Durability
Not durable; important risks of decay attacks at any processing step, from logs up to final products. It must receive preservative treatment. Sensible to termites attack. Heartwood is sensible to Lyctus attacks.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Internal Growth Stresses
No growth stresses are reported in this species.
Silica Content
Silica Content: It is reported to have silica. Contents over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0.23
Resistance To Impregnation
Moderately easy to treat with a partial penetration of the preservative products.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.57
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.62
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
9.7
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
4.8
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately easy; some particular care is needed. Drying Defects: Risks of distortions. Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed as a reference by comparison with well known species taking into account to the general technological behavior of this species.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
FR-3
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.0
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
865
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
134542
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
486
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
60
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
80
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
480
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
583
Workability
Sawing
It is easy to saw.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Suitable for slicing, also suitable for peeling if treated.
Sliced Veneer
Suitable for slicing, also suitable for peeling if treated.
Blunting Effect
Severe blunting effect; stellited blades for sawing and carbide tools for machining are recommended.
Machining
Possible difficulties caused by interlocked grain are reported.
Planing
Easy; no particular problems.
Moulding
Easy; no particular problems.
Turning
30
Boring
Easy; no particular problems.
Mortising
Easy; no particular problems.
Nailing
No particular problem.
Gluing
Glues well if basic gluing technical rules are followed.
Sanding
Easy to perform; it gives good results.
Polishing
Can be polished without surface preparation.
Steam Bending
Steam bending is difficult.
Response To Hand Tools
No particular problems.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, frames, steps, panelling, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, luxury furniture, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, Decorative veneer, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, cutlery, lasts, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, moldings
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Fittings
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Furniture, Luxury
- 22 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section IV-Asian and Oceanian Woods
Cabinet
- 24 - Empire Timbers
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Faces
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Decorative veneer
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Ornaments
- 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Turned Articles
- 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
Knife Handles
- 33 - Embassy of Gabon in Japan
Lasts
- 34 - Embassy of Indonesia in Japan
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Molding
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
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