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AGOHO (Casuarina equisetifolia)
Trade Name
Agoho
Scientific Name
Casuarina equisetifolia Forst.
Family
CASUARINACEAE
Common Names
Pink-tinyu (Myanmar); She oak (Australia); Ru laut (Sarawak); Aro (Philippines); Aru (Indonesia); Pek nam (Laos); Son tha le (Laos); Son thale (Thailand); Ku (Thailand); Agoso (Philippines); Ru (Malaysia); Aru (Malaysia); Ai samara (Indonesia); Cemara laut (Indonesia); Filao (France); Whistling pine; Caay Phi lao (Vietnam); Agoho (Philippines); Coast she-oak
Scientific Name Synonyms
Casuarina muricata Roxb; Casuarina litorea L.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a monoecious tree up to 40 m tall and 100 cm in diameter. The bole is straight, cylindrical, usually fluted towards the base.
Natural Distribution
It is distributed in Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Australia, Philippines, and islands of the Pacific.
Plantations Available?
It is widely cultivated throughout the tropics. It is particularly favored along seashores.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels in diagonal and/or radial pattern. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Occasionally tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less. Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Occasionally vessels per mm2 less than 6. Occas Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Occasionally prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells and/or in fibers. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. Over 9 cells per parenchyma strand. Axial parenchyma in narrow bands o 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays of two distinct sizes. Ray height more than 1 mm. Occasionally larger rays more than 4 seriate. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Occasionally aggregated rays. Prismatic crystals in radial al Fibers very thick walled. Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
It has no taste or odor.
Color
The sapwood is slightly paler than heartwood, which ranges in color from pinkish-brown to chocolate brown.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
The grain is straight or shallowly interlocked.
Texture
The wood is reported to be frequently medium textured.
Natural Durability
It is durable when exposed to weather, but must be treated for use in contact with ground.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
3
Silica Content
Silica Content: Non-siliceous. Silica Value: 0
Resistance To Impregnation
The sapwood treats readily. The heartwood is extremely resistant to impregnation.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.88
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
1.02
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
11.7
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
6.4
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: The timber is expected to dry slowly but with only slight seasoning defects.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-A; US-T2-C2
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.8
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1783
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
209405
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
846
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
224
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
194
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
1591
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
1499
Workability
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Stock is reported to be too hard for plywood production.
Sliced Veneer
Stock is reported to be too hard for plywood production.
Machining
When dry it is difficult to work with machine tools because of its high density and hardness.
Planing
Some chipping may occur in quarter sawn faces.
Moulding
This species is difficult to mold.
Boring
This species is easy to bore.
Mortising
This species is easy to mortise.
Finishing
Wood of this species gives a smooth finish.
Response To Hand Tools
When dry it is difficult to work with hand tools because of its high density and hardness.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, poles, stakes posts, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, flooring, SPORTS, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boat oars, port pillar, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, shingle
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Poles
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Stake Posts
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Crossties
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Sports
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boat Oars
- 60 - Amazonian Timbers, Characteristics and Utilization Volume II; Curuá-Una Experimental Forest Station
Port Pillar
- 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
Shingles
- 77 - Amazonian Timbers, Characteristics and Utilization Volume I; Tapajós National Forest
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