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ARAUCARIA (Araucaria cunninghamii)
Trade Name
Araucaria
Scientific Name
Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D.Don
Family
ARAUCARIACEAE
Common Names
Son-nam (Thailand); Araucaria (Papua New Guinea); Pien (Indonesia); Ningwik Ningwik (Indonesia); Alloa (Indonesia)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Araucaria beccarii Warb.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
A very large, symmetrical tree up to 60 (-70) m tall, bole straight, cylindrical and self-pruning up to 40 m high and up to 200 cm in diameter, leaf-bearing twigs all along the length of the branches.
Natural Habitat
A. cunninghamii occurs most often in sub-montane Fagaceae forest on leached soils up to 2750 (-4000) m altitude. The tree is cultivated as an ornamental, and the seeds are edible.
Natural Distribution
Coastal regions of New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland to Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya (Indonesia).
Plantations Available?
Large scale plantations have been established in South Africa, Papua New Guinea and Australia.
Non Timber Uses
The wood is lightweight and soft.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
rays barely visible to the naked eye, usually pale and not very prominent on the radial surface. Rays 6-8/mm, almost exclusively uniseriated, sometimes biseriate, up to 20 cells high.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
Sapwood is straw-colored or pale yellow-brown, while the heartwood a little darker with a slight pinkish tinge.
Grain
Straight.
Texture
Outstandingly fine and uniform.
Luster
Moderately present.
Natural Durability
The wood is considered to be non-durable in contact with the ground, but it is resistant to Lyctus attack.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Resistance To Impregnation
Heartwood is often moderately resistant, while the sapwood is relatively easy to be penetrated by preservatives.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.42
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.45
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
3.8
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
2.5
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Boards can be kiln dried from the green with very good results and no particular seasoning difficulties need be anticipated.For 50 mm stock, preliminary air drying is suggested. 25 mm board:About 4 days are required to kiln dry from green to 12 % m.c..A
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.5
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
917
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
132164
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
499
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
92
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
554
Workability
Sawing
Low to moderate.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Excellent.
Sliced Veneer
Excellent.
Blunting Effect
-
Machining
Well
Planing
Easy.
Moulding
Easy
Boring
Easy
Mortising
-
Nailing
Good.
Gluing
Good.
Sanding
Good.
Finishing
Well.
Staining
Good.
Coatings
Good.
Polishing
Good.
Steam Bending
-
Response To Hand Tools
Well.
Substitute Species
-
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, boards, flooring, frames, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, common veneer, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, pencil, matches, moldings, paper
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Furniture, Common
- 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Cabinet
- 24 - Empire Timbers
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Faces
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Common Veneer
- 29 - Embassy of Ecuador in Japan
Pencils
- 67 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VIII, Calophyllum brasilense, Couratari panamensis, Dendropanax arboreum y Bombacopsis sessilis
Matches
- 71 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux, premier supplement
Molding
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
Paper
- 82 - Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign woods (Part 2) Central and South America.
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