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BAKAU (Bruguiera gymnorhiza)
Trade Name
Bakau
Scientific Name
Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Savigny
Family
Rhizophoraceae
Common Names
Putut (Sabah); Kong-kang hua sum (Thailand); Berus kurong (Sarawak); Tumu merah (Malaysia); Tanjang (Indonesia); Burma mangrove; Kong kang (Cambodia); Putut (Indonesia); Byu-u-talon (Myanmar); Black mangrove (Papua New Guinea); Mangoro (Papua New Guinea); Busaing (Philippines); Tumu merah (Singapore); Prasak nhii (Cambodia); Prasak tooch (Cambodia); Bakau besar (Malaysia); Prasak (Thailand); Vejt duf (Vietnam)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Rhizophora palun DC.; Rhizophora gymnorhiza L.; Bruguiera rheedii Blume; Bruguiera rhedii Tul.; Bruguiera conjugata Merr.; Bruguiera capensis Blume
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a tree up to 35 m tall, 45 cm in diameter and often with buttresses up to 1 m high.
Natural Habitat
Bruguiera is a typical element of the mangrove community.
Natural Distribution
It is common in the tropics. It is distributed from tropical East Africa to South and South East Asia, including northern Australia.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less (very small). Occasionally tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 more than 20 (very abundant). Intervessel pits scalariform. Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Multiple perforatio Occasionally axial parenchyma absent or extremely rare, non visible with magnifying glass (8x). Occasionally apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Occasionally paratracheal 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Ray height more than 1 mm. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Occasionally sheath cells. Occasionally body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Body ray cells procumbent wi Septate fibers present. Fibers very thick walled. Occasionally fibers with distinctly bordered pits. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The sapwood is pale brown, not sharply demarcated from the light brown heartwood, which turns red-brown on exposure.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
The grain is usually straight.
Texture
The wood is typically fine in texture.
Luster
Quarter sawn faces are reportedly lustrous.
Natural Durability
This species is not very durable when exposed to the weather, but fairly durable in salt water.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
6
Silica Content
Silica Content: It contains 0.1% silica. Silica Value: 0.1
Resistance To Impregnation
This timber can be impregnated fairly easily.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.85
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.98
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
12.3
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
4.3
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.9
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1258
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
147806
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
693
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
163
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
812
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
1050
Workability
Machining
This species is easy to machine.
Finishing
Wood of this species is easy to finish.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, poles, stakes posts, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, flooring, parquet, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, cabinets, TOOLS, tool handles
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Poles
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Stake Posts
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Crossties
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Parquet
- 15 - Empire Timbers
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Cabinet
- 24 - Empire Timbers
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
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