BANGKAL (Neonauclea calycina)
Trade Name
Bangkal
Scientific Name
Neonauclea calycina (Bartl. ex DC.) Merr.
Family
RUBIACEAE
Common Names
Bengkal batu (Malaysia); Lok khao (Thailand); Hooded bur-flower tree; Lin kwang (Thailand); Krathum khao (Thailand); Kalamansanai (Philippines)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Neonauclea peduncularis (Wallich ex G. Don) Merr; Nauclea purpurascens Korth.; Nauclea calycina Bartl. Ex DC.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a small to middle sized tree, up to 15 m tall. The bole is straight, up to 30 to 45 cm of diameter. The buttresses are absent or up to 2 m high.
Natural Habitat
Neonauclea occurs in lowland hill forests and lower montane forests, up to 1,800 m of altitude. It is a common secondary species.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Occasionally vessels of two distinct diameter classes, wood not ring-porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less (very small). Occasionally vessels with colored dep Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Over 9 cells per parenchyma strand. Occasionally rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Ray height more than 1 mm. Prismatic crystals in radial alignment in procumbent ray cells (chambered cells). Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
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Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
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Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The heartwood is pale to bright orange or dark yellow to pink becoming paler on exposure, only distinguishable from the paler sapwood when fresh.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
7
Grain
The grain is interlocked, occasionally straight.
Texture
The texture is moderately fine and even, occasionally with some figure due to growth rings or pink streaks.
Luster
The wood is lustrous.
Natural Durability
The wood is moderately durable to durable when exposed to the weather or in contact with the ground. It is moderately resistant to termites attack.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
4
Resistance To Impregnation
The sapwood is reported to be easy to preserve but the heartwood is untreatable.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.76
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.86
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
6.0
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
3.4
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Seasoning is generally easy and rapid with little degrade. Drying Defects: Risk of moderate warping. Kiln Schedules: Kiln drying is fairly rapid under moderate schedules.
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.8
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
968
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
128802
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
367
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
112
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
112
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
656
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
712
Workability
Rotary Veneer Cutting
It is reported to be useful for veneer cores.
Sliced Veneer
It is reported to be useful for veneer cores.
Machining
Quarter-sawn material tends to pick up and chip upon machining.
Turning
30
Finishing
Wood of this species finishes well.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, poles, stakes posts, crossarms, HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, frames, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, cores, TURNING, TOOLS, PACKING, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Bridges
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Poles
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Stake Posts
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Crossheads Crossarms
- 7 - Maderas latinoamericanas. II, Quercus alata Q. costaricensis y Q. eugeniaefolia
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Cores
- 27 - Embassy of Brazil in Japan
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boats
- 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
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