CARBONERO (Licania campestre)
Trade Name
Carbonero
Scientific Name
Licania campestre
Family
CHRYSOBALANACEAE
Common Names
Gouepi (Guyana); Icaquillo (Cuba); Caripé (Brazil); Icaquito (Venezuela); Carbonero (Peru); Cenizo (Colombia); Carbonero (Colombia)
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
Some variation is reported according to the location, but it is often about 20 m or more in height. The diameter over the buttresses is 70 cm, with commercial heights of 18 m.
Natural Habitat
This species occurs in the tropical rain forests of America.
Natural Distribution
It is reported in Cuba, Guyana, Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia and Peru.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels in diagonal and/or radial pattern. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Vascular/vasicentric tracheides present. Simple perfora Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Axial parenchyma in continuous tangential lines or fine bands. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays non-storied. Rays 1 to 2 seriate. Silica bodies in the ray cells. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Fibers very thick walled. Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
It has a typical smell.
Color
The sapwood is pale brown, the heartwood gradually changes into pink color.
Grain
The direction of the grain is straight to slightly interlocked.
Texture
The wood is mostly coarse in texture.
Luster
Timber of this species is moderate in luster.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Silica Content
Silica Content: It is reported to have a high silica content which may cause a moderate to severe blunting effect while processing the wood. Silica Value: 1
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.68
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.76
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
9.5
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
6.1
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: It is reported to air dry at a moderate rate. Drying Defects: Slight checking and warping.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
JUNAC-A
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.6
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1118
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
143000
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
566
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
101
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
117
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
620
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
681
Workability
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, frames, shutter boards, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, SPORTS, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Shutter Boards
- 20 - Prospect: The wood database
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Sports
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boats
- 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
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