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CAVIUNA (Machaerium scleroxylon)
Trade Name
Caviuna
Scientific Name
Machaerium scleroxylon Tul.
Family
LEGUMINOSAE
Common Names
Ysapy`y guasu (Paraguay); Sapy`y (Brazil); Sapuy-morotí (Brazil); Isapuí (Brazil); Sapuva (Argentina); Cipó (Argentina); Caviuna (Bolivia); Palo Morado (Bolivia); Moradillo (Bolivia); Morado (Bolivia); Cabiana (Brazil); Palisander; Striped Caviuna; Caviúna (Brazil); Jacarandá Caviúna (Brazil); Jacarandá (Brazil); Brazilian Rosewood
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a medium sized tree, it attains heights of 15 to 25 m, with a diameter at breast height of 50 to 90 cm. The bole is fluted until half of its length.
Natural Habitat
Machaerium scleroxylon is found in primary and secondary forests on well drained areas. It prefers stony, fertile clayey soils. In Bolivia it is reported in subtropical forests, up to 400 m of altitude.
Natural Distribution
It grows in Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. It is abundant in the Parana basin.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less (very small). Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Vessels per mm2 more than 20 (very abundant). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Axial parenchyma storied. Prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells and/or in fibers. Two cells per parenchyma strand. Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays storied. Rays 1 to 2 seriate. Rays exclusively uniseriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
It is reported to have a pleasant smell.
Color
The sapwood is clearly differentiated, it is white color, the heartwood reddish brown with darker stripes.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
2
Grain
The grain is frequently interlocked.
Texture
This species is usually reported to have a fine texture.
Luster
Timber of this species is moderate in luster.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
1
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.77
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.88
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
6.7
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
2.9
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.3
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1244
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
614
Workability
Machining
Machining operations are rated as easy to fair.
Turning
30
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, frames, steps, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, Decorative veneer, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, cutlery, BENDING, chairs, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, CONTAINERS, cooperage, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boat deck, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, guitar, yoke
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Decorative veneer
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Ornaments
- 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Turned Articles
- 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
Knife Handles
- 33 - Embassy of Gabon in Japan
Bending
- 35 - Embassy of Myanmar in Japan
Chairs
- 36 - Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente, Panama
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Containers
- 50 - Properties of imported tropical woods
Cooperage
- 51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boat Decking
- 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
Other & Musical Instruments
- 63 - Madeiras do Brazil II
Guitar
- 65 - Maderas latinoamericanas VI. Bursera simaruba. Poulsenia armata, Pterocarpus officinalis y Ficus werckleana
Yokes
- 74 - World Timbers, Vol.2, North and South America
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