CELTIS (Celtis rigescens)
Trade Name
Celtis
Scientific Name
Celtis rigescens (Miq.) Planch
Family
ULMACEAE
Common Names
Asin-asin (Indonesia); Rempelas (Indonesia); Mempelas bulan (Malaysia); Ainam (Indonesia)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Celtis sumatrana (Miq.) Planch; Celtis nymanii K. Schumann; Celtis asperifolia Merr.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
Celtis trees can reach up to 45 m, with straight and cylindrical boles, up to 100 cm of diameter. The buttresses are absent or up to 3 m high.
Natural Habitat
Celtis rigescens grows in lowland primary and secondary forests.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Intervessel pits small, 7 micras or less. Occasionally paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Occasionally axial parenchyma confluent. Occasionally prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. Occasionally a Occasionally rays of two distinct sizes. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Occasionally body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 t Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
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Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
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Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
The wood has a strong fetid odor when fresh.
Color
The heartwood is usually pale brown to pale yellow-brown, moderately distinct to indistinct from the white or pale sapwood.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
The grain is usually interlocked, sometimes straight.
Texture
The texture is fine to moderately fine, sometimes moderately coarse.
Natural Durability
The wood is readily attacked by fungi and insects when exposed to the weather or in contact with the ground.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Internal Growth Stresses
Tension wood may occur and cause twisting and warping.
Resistance To Impregnation
Celtis is reported to be permeable to preservatives.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.59
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.66
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
8.1
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
5.1
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Shrinkage of the wood during air drying is low.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
JP-24; UK-H
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.6
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
871
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
99309
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
407
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
41
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
117
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
328
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
404
Workability
Blunting Effect
Wood of this species produces a moderate blunting effect.
Machining
It is moderately easy to work if it is free of tension wood. Sometimes difficult due to crystalline deposits, which blunt tools readily.
Planing
It usually gives a rough surface due to interlocked grain.
Steam Bending
The wood is suitable for bent work.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, frames, steps, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, BENDING, tennis rackets, TOOLS, tool handles, PACKING, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boat deck, port pillar, port storage, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, moldings
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Bending
- 35 - Embassy of Myanmar in Japan
Tennis Rackets
- 37 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boat Decking
- 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
Port Pillar
- 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
Port Storage
- 62 - Estudio Tecnológico de Maderas del Perú (Zona Pucallpa) Vol I
Molding
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
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