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CHEMPAKA (Magnolia elegans)
Trade Name
Chempaka
Scientific Name
Magnolia elegans (Blume) H. Keng
Family
MAGNOLIACEAE
Common Names
Nona leuweang (Indonesia); Chempaka hutan (Malaysia); Ultup-ultup (Sumatra); Medang mempau (Indonesia); Medang mempau (Sumatra); Ultup-ultup (Indonesia)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Talauma elegans (Blume) Miq.; Manglietia oortii Korth.; Aromadendron elegans Blume
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
Small to large sized tree, up to 60 m tall. The bole is columnar to slightly crooked, up to 80 cm in diameter, sometimes with small buttresses.
Natural Habitat
Magnolia elegans occurs scattered in lowland or montane, primary rain forests, up to 2,800 m of altitude.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Vessels per mm2 more than 20 (very abundant). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Intervessel pits medium, 7 to 10 micras. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The heartwood varies from white to pale brown, occasionally with green tinge, slightly differentiated from the white to pale yellow sapwood.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
6
Grain
It has straight grain.
Texture
Texture is moderately fine and even.
Natural Durability
This species is reportedly moderately durable.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
3
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.59
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.65
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
6.5
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
5.2
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Air seasoning is reported to be good and fast. It takes about 3 months to air dry boards of 15 mm thick. Drying Defects: Cupping and staining are reported. Kiln Schedules: Schedule suggested for White Meranti. In Malaysia kiln-drying schedule J is recommended. The kiln-drying period of 25 m thick boards is approximately 5 days.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
JP-18
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.3
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
723
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
105263
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
418
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
46
Workability
Rotary Veneer Cutting
This species is reported to be interesting for lamination.
Sliced Veneer
This species is reported to be interesting for lamination.
Machining
Machining of this species is reported to be easy.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, frames, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, Decorative veneer, SPORTS, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, moldings
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Bridges
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Decorative veneer
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Sports
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boats
- 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
Other & Musical Instruments
- 63 - Madeiras do Brazil II
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Molding
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
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