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COPAIBA (Copaifera duckei)
Trade Name
Copaiba
Scientific Name
Copaifera duckei Dwyer
Family
LEGUMINOSAE
Common Names
Copaúva (Brazil); Pau-D`oleo (Brazil); Óleo-De-Copaíba (Brazil); Copaiba Rana (Brazil); Óleo-Copaíba (Brazil); Copaibarana (Brazil); Copaíba (Brazil); Óleo-De-Copaúva (Brazil); Pau-D`oleo (Brazil); Óleo-Copaíba (Brazil); Copaíba (Brazil); Conduru-De-Sangue (Brazil)
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
The commercial lengths are 13 m in the average, though lengths up to 22 m are also reported. The diameter ranges from 45 to 80 cm. The logs are reported to be straight and cylindrical.
Natural Habitat
Copaifera duckei is reported in primary and secondary forests. It is a typical species in the transition from the cerrado to semideciduous forests.
Natural Distribution
Trees of the Copaiba group are reported in Central America and tropical South America.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 150 to 200 micras (medium). Occasionally white deposits in heartwood vessels. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pit Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells and/or in fibers. Two cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The heartwood is dark reddish brown in color, different from the sapwood which is grayish color.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
3
Grain
This species is reported to have straight grain.
Texture
This wood has a somewhat medium texture.
Luster
The wood luster is reported to be rather moderate.
Natural Durability
Copaiba timber is reported as moderately durable against decay and insects attack.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
3
Resistance To Impregnation
The sapwood absorbs preservatives readily. The heartwood is resistant to impregnation.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.62
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.69
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
8.2
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
4.1
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Air seasoning is reported to be moderate. Drying Defects: Risk of checking, cupping and twisting. Casehardening is also reported.
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.0
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1179
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
123000
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
600
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
99
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
122
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
664
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
867
Workability
Sawing
Sawing of this wood is reported to be fair to difficult.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Light Copaifera species are reported to be interesting for peeling, the heavier species can be sliced.
Sliced Veneer
Light Copaifera species are reported to be interesting for peeling, the heavier species can be sliced.
Planing
Planing operations are reported to be fair, but C. duckei gives a smooth finishing.
Turning
30
Gluing
Trees of the Copaiba group are reported to have a high oil-resin content which can render gluing problems depending on the adhesive used.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, Decorative veneer, TURNING, TOOLS, tool handles, PACKING, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, door core, moldings
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Decorative veneer
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Door Cores
- 76 - Descripción General y Anatómica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino.
Molding
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
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