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COPAIBA (Copaifera langsdorffii)
Trade Name
Copaiba
Scientific Name
Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.
Family
LEGUMINOSAE
Common Names
Copaúva (Brazil); Óleo-De-Copaúva (Brazil); Copaiba Rana (Brazil); Óleo-De-Copaíba (Brazil); Óleo-Copaíba (Brazil); Copaibarana (Brazil); Copaíba (Brazil); Pau-D`oleo (Brazil); Pau-D`oleo (Brazil); Copaíba (Brazil)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Copaifera sellowii Hayne; Copaifera nitida Martius ex Hayne; Copaiba langsdorfii (Desf.) Kuntze
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
Small trees up to 10 to 15 m tall, with cylindrical, straight boles, usually 50 to 80 cm in diameter.
Natural Habitat
Copaifera langsdorffii is reported in primary and secondary forests. It is a typical species in the transition from the cerrado to semideciduous forests.
Natural Distribution
Trees of the Copaiba group are reported in Central America and tropical South America.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 150 to 200 micras (medium). Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. I Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Occasionally axial parenchyma in thick bands. Two cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays 1 to 2 seriate. Occasionally heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
It has no characteristic odor or taste.
Color
The sapwood is grayish, the heartwood is reddish brown.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
The grain is reported to be straight or interlocked.
Texture
This species is usually reported to have a medium texture.
Natural Durability
C. langsdorffii is reported to be durable against wood degrading organisms.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
1
Resistance To Impregnation
The timber is difficult to treat with preservatives.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.71
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.79
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
8.3
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
4.2
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.0
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1114
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
594
Workability
Sawing
Cutting resistance is generally low.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Light Copaifera species are reported to be interesting for peeling, the heavier species can be sliced.
Sliced Veneer
Light Copaifera species are reported to be interesting for peeling, the heavier species can be sliced.
Machining
Wood processing is reported to be easy.
Turning
30
Nailing
This species has good nailing properties.
Gluing
Trees of the Copaiba group are reported to have a high oil-resin content which can render gluing problems depending on the adhesive used.
Finishing
This species is reported to be easy to finish.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, panelling, shutter boards, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, Decorative veneer, TURNING, TOOLS, tool handles, PACKING, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, door core, moldings
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Shutter Boards
- 20 - Prospect: The wood database
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Decorative veneer
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Door Cores
- 76 - Descripción General y Anatómica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino.
Molding
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
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