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CUMARU (Dipteryx spp)
Trade Name
Cumaru
Scientific Name
Dipteryx spp.
Family
LEGUMINOSAE
Common Names
Sarrapia (Venezuela); Koemarroe (Surinam); Tonka (Surinam); Shihuahuaco Amarillo (Peru); Charapilla (Peru); Tonka (French Guiana); Gaiac De Cayenne (French Guiana); Kumaru (Guyana); Tonka Bean (Guyana); Sarrapia (Colombia); Cumarurana (Brazil); Champanha (Brazil); Cumaru Ferro (Brazil); Almendrillo (Bolivia); Ebo; Almendro; Cumaru-Roxo (Brazil); Cumaru (Brazil)
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
Dipteryx are large trees, reaching heights of up to 40 m, with trunk diameters of 70 cm in the average, often up to 120 cm or more. The boles are cylindrical, with commercial lengths of about 18 to 24 m.
Natural Habitat
Dipteryx trees are found in primary tropical rain forests. They develop better in well-drained, gravelly or sandy soils.
Natural Distribution
It is commonly found in the forests of Central America and Tropical South America. The genus is reported to be distributed from Honduras southward to Peru and Bolivia.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Vessels per mm2 6 to 10 (medium). Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 150 to 200 micras (medium). Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Simple perforation plates. Int Axial parenchyma lozenge-aliform. Rays storied. Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays exclusively uniseriate. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
The wood of Dipteryx species has a distinct cumarin odor.
Color
The color of the heartwood is described as brown yellow to reddish brown, with dark fine veins.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
2
Grain
The grain is frequently interlocked, sometimes severely.
Texture
The wood is medium textured.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
2
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.92
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
1.07
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
7.9
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
5.5
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is reported to be rapid. Drying Defects: Slight tendency to checking, severe cupping.
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.4
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1620
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
224180
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1070
Workability
Sawing
Cutting resistance is generally high.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
This species is interesting for slicing. Thermal treatments are recommended.
Sliced Veneer
This species is interesting for slicing. Thermal treatments are recommended.
Blunting Effect
Wood of this species exerts a moderate blunting effect on the cutting tools.
Planing
Planing operations are difficult due to interlocked grain.
Turning
30
Nailing
Pre-boring is necessary.
Gluing
Special precaution needed for gluing operations.
Polishing
It has a good polishing.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, poles, paling, stakes posts, rails, crossarms, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, frames, steps, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, Decorative veneer, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, SPORTS, bowling polo balls, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boat fins, boat deck, port pillar, port storage, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, axle, yoke
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Bridges
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Poles
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Paling Fence Pickets
- 4 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas da bicuiba
Stake Posts
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Rails
- 6 - Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume grown in Costa Rica
Crossheads Crossarms
- 7 - Maderas latinoamericanas. II, Quercus alata Q. costaricensis y Q. eugeniaefolia
Crossties
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Decorative veneer
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Ornaments
- 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Turned Articles
- 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
Sports
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Balls Bowling Polo
- 40 - Internet
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boat Fins
- 58 - Guía de Árboles de Bolivia
Boat Decking
- 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
Port Pillar
- 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
Port Storage
- 62 - Estudio Tecnológico de Maderas del Perú (Zona Pucallpa) Vol I
Axles
- 73 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Yokes
- 74 - World Timbers, Vol.2, North and South America
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