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DURIAN (Durio carinatus)
Trade Name
Durian
Scientific Name
Durio carinatus Masters
Family
BOMBACACEAE
Common Names
Durian hantu (Indonesia); Durian paya (Malaysia); Durian paya (Indonesia); Durian burung (Indonesia); Durian (Indonesia); Durian (France); Durian (United Kingdom); Durian (Sabah); Durian (Philippines); Durian (Spain); Durian (Germany); Durian (Netherlands); Durian (Italy); Durian (United States of America)
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a medium-sized to large tree up to 45 m tall, with bole branchless for up to 27 m and up to 120 cm in diameter, usually without buttresses. Large trees often with small buttresses up to 1.5 m high, sometimes with knee roots.
Natural Habitat
This species is reported to grow in marshy locations, especially in peat swamp forests.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Simple perforation plates. Intervessel pits small, 7 micras or less. Axial parenchyma reticulate. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. Tile cells. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III).
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
The wood has a fetid smell when freshly sawn.
Color
The heartwood is pinkish-brown, red to deep red-brown, and usually distinctly demarcated from the whitish to pale yellow-brown or pale reddish-yellow sapwood.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
Straight or interlocked grain is often found in this species.
Texture
The wood is reported to have a coarse texture.
Natural Durability
The wood is reported to be non-durable under tropical conditions.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.57
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.63
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
6.6
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
3.5
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Air seasoning is reported to be moderately slow. It takes about 4 months to air dry a board of 40 mm thick.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-D
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.9
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
808
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
117328
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
436
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
72
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
200
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
250
Workability
Sawing
Cutting resistance is generally low.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
It can be peeled to make veneer at a peeling angle of 90 degrees without pretreatment.
Sliced Veneer
It can be peeled to make veneer at a peeling angle of 90 degrees without pretreatment.
Machining
Machining operations are rather easy.
Nailing
This species is reported to have a good nailing behavior.
Gluing
It is reported to be easy to glue.
Finishing
Wood of this species is easy to finish.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
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