DURIAN (Durio zibethinus)
Trade Name
Durian
Scientific Name
Durio zibethinus Murray
Family
BOMBACACEAE
Common Names
Durian kampong (Malaysia); Laung (Indonesia); Luria (Indonesia); Bungal (Malaysia); Durian (Germany); Durian (Netherlands); Durian tupai (Malaysia); Durian daun (Malaysia); Gengang (Malaysia); Duyin (Myanmar); Durian (Indonesia); Durian (United States of America); Djeung-djing (Malaysia); Durian (United Kingdom); Durian (Philippines); Durian (Spain); Durian (Italy); Durian (France); True durian (Malaysia)
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a medium-sized to fairly large tree up to 40 m tall, with straight cylindrical bole up to 100 cm in diameter. Prominent, steep buttresses are reported.
Natural Distribution
It is cultivated throughout South-East Asia. It is probably native in Sumatra and Borneo.
Plantations Available?
This species is planted for its fruits.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Intervessel pits medium, 7 to 10 micras. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Axial parenchyma reticulate. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. Prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells and/or in fibers. Over 9 cells per parenchyma st 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Ray height more than 1 mm. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Tile cells. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
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Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
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Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
It has typical musk odor.
Color
The sapwood varies from light gray or whitish to light pink. The heartwood is from pink-brown to gray-brown.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
It is mostly straight, occasionally lightly interlocked.
Texture
Texture is usually medium to coarse.
Luster
Its heartwood has reddish luster.
Natural Durability
It is perishable and prone to blue stain, infestation by ship-timber beetle is also reported.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Resistance To Impregnation
The heartwood and sapwood are moderately easy to preserve.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.56
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.62
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
6.9
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
4.2
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: The timber air dries slowly. Using a reasonable drying schedule, it takes more than 3 weeks to dry from green to air dry. Drying Defects: The end checking during drying is common. Rapidly drying of boards at 100 degrees shows much checking and deformation.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-D
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.6
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
706
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
115122
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
456
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
48
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
274
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
364
Workability
Sawing
Sawmilling of this species is reportedly easy.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
It can be peeled to make veneer at a peeling angle of 90 degrees without pretreatment.
Sliced Veneer
It can be peeled to make veneer at a peeling angle of 90 degrees without pretreatment.
Machining
Machining of this species is reported to be easy.
Planing
This species is easy to plane.
Moulding
This species is easy to mold.
Boring
Boring operations are rated as fair.
Mortising
The response of this species to mortising operations is fair.
Nailing
Nailing properties are good.
Gluing
Gluing behavior is reportedly good.
Sanding
Wood of this species is easy to sand.
Finishing
This species is reported to be easy to finish.
Polishing
Polishing of this species is reportedly easy.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, cores, TOOLS, tool handles, PACKING
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Cores
- 27 - Embassy of Brazil in Japan
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
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