EFFEU (Hannoa klaineana)
Trade Name
Effeu
Scientific Name
Hannoa klaineana Pierre
Family
SIMAROUBACEAE
Common Names
Uguekpokin (Nigeria); Igbo (Nigeria); Effeu (Côte d`Ivoire); Nkourangueuk (Gabon); Etek (Equatorial Guinea); Babolo (Central African Republic); Nom ozek (Cameroon); Zauh; Yaglu; Uguekpokin; Tetesemopu; Orisi; Oghulu; Ogbess; Ofo; Nkube; Neube; Ikpoki; Igigun; Igbo; Hutro-hu; Hotoroho; Hotoro-hotoro; Hete bake; Futro-futro; Futoro-futoro; Futia; Fentia; Effeu; Effen; Effe; Bobet; Ati; Ahiefe; Aboho; Abo
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
The tree reaches a height of 45 m. The bole is straight, cylindrical, sometimes slightly buttressed, up to 26 m in length. The trunk diameter attains 70 to 100 cm.
Natural Habitat
Hannoa klaineana is common in evergreen, deciduous, fringing and secondary forests.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Non-vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel Axial parenchyma confluent. Axial parenchyma in continuous tangential lines or fine bands. Occasionally axial parenchyma storied. Crystal sand in axial parenchyma cells. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays non-storied. Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The heartwood is white or yellow-white, it is not demarcated. Some fine striations are present on quarter-cut face.
Grain
Straight or interlocked, sometimes with an influence on further processing operations. Interlocked grain is high but not frequent.
Texture
The wood is typically coarse in texture.
Natural Durability
Not durable; important risks of decay attacks at any processing step, from logs up to final products. It must receive preservative treatment. Sensible to termites attack.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.29
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.30
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
5.7
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
3.3
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately difficult to difficult; special care is systematically needed. Drying Defects: Risks of checks, distortions and collapse. Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed as a reference by comparison with well known species taking into account to the general technological behavior of this species.
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.7
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
311
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
48361
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
172
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
15
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
108
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
177
Workability
Sawing
It is easy to saw.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Not suitable for veneering.
Sliced Veneer
Not suitable for veneering.
Blunting Effect
Slight blunting effect; ordinary tools can be used for sawing and machining.
Machining
Possible difficulties caused by interlocked grain are reported.
Planing
Easy; no particular problems.
Moulding
Easy; no particular problems.
Turning
30
Boring
Easy; no particular problems.
Mortising
Easy; no particular problems.
Nailing
Easy to perform but low nails holding.
Gluing
Glues well if basic gluing technical rules are followed.
Sanding
Particular care is needed to avoid woolly aspect of the surface.
Polishing
Needs pre-coating.
Response To Hand Tools
No particular problems.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, cores, TURNING, SPORTS, TOOLS, agricultural tools, PACKING, food container, CONTAINERS, cooperage, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, matches, particleboard, paper
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Fittings
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Cabinet
- 24 - Empire Timbers
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Cores
- 27 - Embassy of Brazil in Japan
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Sports
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Food Container
- 49 - Mechanical properties of certain tropical woods
Containers
- 50 - Properties of imported tropical woods
Cooperage
- 51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boats
- 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Matches
- 71 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux, premier supplement
Particleboard
- 80 - Estudio Integral de la Madera para Construcción
Paper
- 82 - Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign woods (Part 2) Central and South America.
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