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EVINO (Vitex pachyphylla)
Trade Name
Evino
Scientific Name
Vitex pachyphylla Bak.
Family
VERBENACEAE
Common Names
n'to (Gabon); Evino (Gabon); Angona (Gabon); Vindou (Congo); Evino
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
The tree reaches a height of 32 m, with trunk diameters up to 100 cm. The bole may be up to 13 to 16 m in length, clear, but with a tendency to be irregular in section, it is often more or less triangular.
Natural Habitat
Vitex pachyphylla occurs in coastal or swampy locations, as well as in alluvial forests.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally wood semi-ring porous and/or ring porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Tyloses thin walled. Non-vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 6 to 10 (m Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Non-crystals in axial parenchyma cells. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays non-storied. Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays. Septate fibers present. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The heartwood is light grey-brown or grey-straw, turning yellower with age, it is not clearly demarcated.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
4
Grain
Straight; grain has no particular influence on drying, machining and finishing qualities.
Texture
The wood is mostly medium in texture.
Luster
This wood is frequently low in luster.
Natural Durability
Not durable; important risks of decay attacks at any processing step, from logs up to final products. It must receive preservative treatment. Moderately resistant to termites attack. The heartwood is sensible to Lyctus attacks.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Internal Growth Stresses
No growth stresses are reported in this species.
Silica Content
Silica Content: Negligible contents of silica are found in timber of this species. Amounts over 0.05% may affect the wood processing. Silica Value: 0.02
Resistance To Impregnation
Difficult to treat with only a low penetration of the preservative products.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.50
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.55
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately easy; some particular care is needed. Drying Defects: No particular risks of drying defects, subject to normal drying conditions. Kiln Schedules: The kiln schedule has been tested.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
FR-5
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
934
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
509
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
64
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
365
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
469
Workability
Sawing
It is easy to saw.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Suitable for slicing.
Sliced Veneer
Suitable for slicing.
Blunting Effect
Slight blunting effect; ordinary tools can be used for sawing and machining.
Machining
Machining of this species is reportedly easy.
Planing
Easy; no particular problems.
Moulding
Easy; no particular problems.
Turning
30
Boring
Easy; no particular problems.
Mortising
Easy; no particular problems.
Nailing
No particular problem.
Gluing
Glues well if basic gluing technical rules are followed.
Sanding
Easy to perform; it gives good results.
Polishing
Can be polished without surface preparation.
Response To Hand Tools
No particular problems.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, parquet, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, cores, TURNING, TOOLS, agricultural tools, PACKING, CONTAINERS, cooperage, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, particleboard, paper
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Parquet
- 15 - Empire Timbers
Fittings
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Cabinet
- 24 - Empire Timbers
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Cores
- 27 - Embassy of Brazil in Japan
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Containers
- 50 - Properties of imported tropical woods
Cooperage
- 51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boats
- 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
Other & Musical Instruments
- 63 - Madeiras do Brazil II
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Particleboard
- 80 - Estudio Integral de la Madera para Construcción
Paper
- 82 - Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign woods (Part 2) Central and South America.
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