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GIAM (Hopea forbesii)
Trade Name
Giam
Scientific Name
Hopea forbesii (Brandis) v. slooten
Family
Diptercarpaceae
Common Names
Hopea Light (Papua New Guinea)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Shorea forbesii Brandis
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
A medium sized tree of up to 32m tall, bole with a diameter of up to 100cm.
Natural Habitat
H. forbesuii is locally common in lowland seasonal semi-evergreen forest up to 100m altitude, sometimes dominant, especially on ridges.
Natural Distribution
Papua New Guinea
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Vessels per mm2 10 to 20 (abundant). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 to 150 micras (small). Simple perforation plates. Vestured pits. Tyloses common. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Axial parenchyma in continuous tangential lines (included in reticulate and scalariform). axial parenchyma absent or extremely rare, non visibl Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays. Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Non-septate fibers. Fibers very thick walled.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The yellowish-white sapwood is generally distinct from the yellowish-brown heartwood, sometimes with a greenish tinge. darkening to dark brown on exposure.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
7
Grain
The grain of the wood is interlocked.
Texture
Texture fine and even.
Luster
planed surface are usually not particularly lustrous, a stripe figure may be present.
Natural Durability
Giam is very durable, even, under exported conditions. Test stakes in Malaysia showed an average service life in contact with ground of over 10 years. The wood is resistant to pinhole borer and powder-post beetle attack. The heartwood of grain is very resistant
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
2
Wood Physical Properties
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.87
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
3.7
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
1.7
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.2
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1100
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
200000
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
650
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
140
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
1100
Workability
Sawing
Giam is easy to difficult to resaw and crosscut. The sawteeth may become clogged with resinous sawdust.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
not suitable.
Sliced Veneer
not suitable.
Machining
Planing is easy, giving a smooth finish.
Boring
Boring is easy to slightly difficult but the finish is always smooth.
Nailing
The resistance to splitting when nailed is rated as very poor.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, crossarms, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, frames, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boat deck
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Crossheads Crossarms
- 7 - Maderas latinoamericanas. II, Quercus alata Q. costaricensis y Q. eugeniaefolia
Crossties
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Fittings
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Furniture, Common
- 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boat Decking
- 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
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