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HOPEA (Hopea parviflora)
Trade Name
Hopea
Scientific Name
Hopea parviflora Bedd.
Family
Dipterocarpaceae
Common Names
irumbangan (India); thambagam (India); kamagam (India)
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
Large to very large,25-40 m in height with a clear bole of l0-20 m and up to 130 m in diameter; often buttressed. Bark light brown, mottled with white, smooth in young trees, changes to rusty brown and rough as the tree grows old
Natural Distribution
West coast tropical evergreen, Southern hill-top tropilcal evergreen, West coast semi-evergreen and West coast secondary evergreen Dipterocarps forests
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Occasionally vessels in tangential pattern. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 to 200 micras. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Occasionally tyloses common. Yellow-colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Axial parenchyma confluent. Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Axial parenchyma in thick bands. Rays exclusively uniseriate. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Axial canals.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
Yellowish-brown to reddish -brown when first exposed, on ageing to dark reddish brown with white lines at intervals, sapwood and heartwood not distinct.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
6
Grain
Broad, shallowly interlocked
Texture
texture fine
Natural Durability
Very durable. Heartwood very refractory to treatment.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
2
Wood Physical Properties
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.93
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
8.1
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
3.8
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.1
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
13554
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
145100
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
692
Workability
Sawing
Difficult to saw and work
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Peeling extremely difficult
Sliced Veneer
Peeling extremely difficult
Finishing
gives a good finish and takes fine polish.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, poles, stakes posts, rails, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, frames, TOOLS, tool handles, CONTAINERS, cooperage, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, boat deck, port storage, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts
Poles
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Stake Posts
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Rails
- 6 - Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume grown in Costa Rica
Crossties
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Cooperage
- 51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile
Boats
- 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
Boat Decking
- 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
Port Storage
- 62 - Estudio Tecnológico de Maderas del Perú (Zona Pucallpa) Vol I
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
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