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IPê (Tabebuia serratifolia)
Trade Name
Ipê
Scientific Name
Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) G. Nicholson
Family
BIGNONIACEAE
Common Names
Yellow guayacan; Woile; Whoua-whoua; Wehete; Wassiba; Wasieba; Wasiba; Washiba; Verdecillo; Urupariba; Taye; Tauary; Tamura tuira; Roble cinero; Quiarapaiba; Quebracho; Pui; Poui; Penda; Pau darco; Pao d`arco roxo; Pao d`arco amarillo; Pao d`arco; Noibwood; Masicaran; Mangienhatti; Makka groenhart; Makagrien; Lubre; Lignum vitae; Lapacho crespo; Lapachillo tally; Irontree; Ipe; Ipê una; Ipê tabaco; Ipê roxo; Ipê preto; Ipê jabotica; Ipê folhas roxas; Ipê do compo; Ipê de varzea; Ipê cascudo; Ipê amarillo; Ipé; Hakkea; Hahuache; Haekia; Hackoyia; Guayacan polvillo; Grienharti; Grenhatti; Greenheart; Enbotta-koenatjepre; Curari; Courali; Cortez de venado; Cortez colorado; Cortez amarillo; Cortes; Cogwood; Canada; Bow-wood; Bois d`evilasse; Bois d`ebene verte; Arcwood; Arco; Arawnig-yek; Aravaney; Arabore; Aoka; Amapa prieto; Amapa priete; Amapa; Amap ; Alcapro; Ala-onni; Akkekeja; Akkeja; Ebene verte (French Guiana); Puy (Venezuela); Acapro (Venezuela); Yellow Poui (Trinidad & Tobago); Puy (Trinidad & Tobago); Groenhart (Surinam); Ebano verde (Peru); Tahuari negro (Peru); Lapacho Negro (Paraguay); Hakia (Guyana); Polvillo (Colombia); Canaguate (Colombia); Guayacán (Peru); Cortéz; Tahuari (Peru); Asta De Venado; Lapacho (Bolivia); Ipê (Bolivia); Paratodo; Calabazo; Bowwood; Anago Switie; Tahua; Tahuarí (Peru); Tabebuia; Surinam Greenheart; Ironwood; Guayacan (Peru); Ebene Vert (French Guiana); Ébano Verde (Peru); Cortez; Cortés; Bastard Lignum Vitae; Amapá Prieta (Brazil); Yelow Guayacan; Whalebone Greenheart; Pau D`Arco Amarelo (Brazil); Pau D`Arco (Brazil); Mano De León; Madera Negra; Lapachillo; Lapacho Rosa; Lapacho Blanco; Lapacho Amarillo; Ijzerhout; Iron Wood; Iron Tree; Ipê Da Várzea (Brazil); Ipê Do Campo (Brazil); Ipê Una (Brazil); Ipê Roxo (Brazil); Ipê Tabaco (Brazil); Ipê Wassil (Brazil); Ipê Preto (Brazil); Ipê Japotia (Brazil); Ipê Folhas Raxas (Brazil); Ipê Cascudo (Brazil); Ipê Amarelo (Brazil); Ipê Capitary (Brazil); Ipê (Brazil); Hackia; Green Ebony; Gupariba; Groenhati; Guayacán Polvillo; Flor Amarillo; Echahumo; Ebene Jaune; Ebene; Curarire; Chicala; Cortés Prieto; Cortés Negro; Roble; Cortés Amarillo; Corteza; Caexeta (Brazil); Coralibe; Cañahuate; Bethabara; Bow Wood; Araguaney; Arrhonee; Arahoni; Amapá Prieto (Brazil); Amapá (Brazil); Arch Wood; Alumbre
Scientific Name Synonyms
Bignonia serratifolia Vahl; Bignonia conspicua Rich. ex DC. ; Bignonia araliacea Cham.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
This tree is reported to be of small to medium size, attaining heights of 25 m and diameters of 60 to 80 cm. The boles are straight and cylindrical, clear to heights of two thirds of the total tree height. It presents buttresses 1 m tall.
Natural Habitat
Tabebuia serratifolia is described as ecologically diverse, growing under a variety of conditions. It is found in primary and secondary forests on well drained soils, hills and close to rivers and streams in non-inundable areas. In Peru it is reported gro
Natural Distribution
From Mexico In Brazil it is reported until Sao Paulo in the south.
Non Timber Uses
The sawdust of T. serratifolia contains "lapachol", it is reported to cause skin irritation in some individuals.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 to 150 micras (small). Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Vessels per mm2 10 to 20 (abundant). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits small. Int Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma storied. Two cells per parenchyma strand. Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays storied. Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
Odor or taste is typically indistinct.
Color
The sapwood is yellow, clearly differentiated from the heartwood. The heartwood is olive-brown to dark olive in color.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
3
Grain
The grain is straight to interlocked.
Texture
Texture is fine to medium. The wood is reported to have an oily look.
Luster
Wood surfaces have a moderate luster.
Natural Durability
It is highly resistant against fungi and insect attack, but susceptible to marine borer attack.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
2
Resistance To Impregnation
The wood is reported to be highly impermeable to wood preservatives.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.95
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
1.12
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
8.4
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
6.6
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: It is reported to be moderately difficult to air season. Drying Defects: Slight surface checking and moderate to severe warp are reported. Some casehardening is also reported. Kiln Schedules: Careful drying is required, drying of quarter sawn pieces is advised.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-E; US-T3-C1
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.3
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1984
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
215600
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
933
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
205
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
157
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
1664
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
1509
Workability
Sawing
The material is reported to be moderately difficult to saw.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Logs are generally difficult to convert into veneers, they are reported to yield very decorative veneers.
Sliced Veneer
Logs are generally difficult to convert into veneers, they are reported to yield very decorative veneers.
Blunting Effect
Blunting effect on cutting edges is reported to be moderate.
Machining
The material is reported to work with some difficulty, but can be finished smoothly, except heavily interlocked material. Properties in turning, boring, and sanding are rated as good.
Planing
The material is reported to be fairly difficult to plane and work in most operations work. A reduced cutting angle of 15 degrees is recommended for best planing results.
Turning
30
Boring
Boring operations are rather easy.
Nailing
The wood is hard and requires pre-boring for nailing.
Gluing
Surface preparation is usually required for best gluing results.
Sanding
The wood is reported to respond well to sanding operations.
Finishing
It has a good finishing.
Coatings
The wood is difficult to paint, powdery deposits of lapachol may affect varnishing. Surface preparation to remove yellowish lapachol powder may improve painting qualities.
Response To Hand Tools
The material responds poorly to hand tools.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, poles, paling, stakes posts, rails, crossarms, crossties, piers, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, frames, steps, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, Decorative veneer, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, cutlery, SPORTS, bowling polo balls, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, PACKING, heavy packing, CONTAINERS, cooperage, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boat fins, boat deck, boat oars, port pillar, port storage, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, axle, yoke
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Bridges
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Poles
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Paling Fence Pickets
- 4 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas da bicuiba
Stake Posts
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Rails
- 6 - Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume grown in Costa Rica
Crossheads Crossarms
- 7 - Maderas latinoamericanas. II, Quercus alata Q. costaricensis y Q. eugeniaefolia
Crossties
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
Piers
- 9 - Maderas latinoamericanas. IV, Nectandra sp. Ocotea austinii, Persea sp. aff. vesticula, Persea schiedeana
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Furniture, Common
- 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Decorative veneer
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Ornaments
- 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Turned Articles
- 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
Knife Handles
- 33 - Embassy of Gabon in Japan
Sports
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Balls Bowling Polo
- 40 - Internet
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Heavy Packing
- 47 - Arvores Brasileiras
Containers
- 50 - Properties of imported tropical woods
Cooperage
- 51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boat Fins
- 58 - Guía de Árboles de Bolivia
Boat Decking
- 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
Boat Oars
- 60 - Amazonian Timbers, Characteristics and Utilization Volume II; Curuá-Una Experimental Forest Station
Port Pillar
- 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
Port Storage
- 62 - Estudio Tecnológico de Maderas del Perú (Zona Pucallpa) Vol I
Other & Musical Instruments
- 63 - Madeiras do Brazil II
Axles
- 73 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Yokes
- 74 - World Timbers, Vol.2, North and South America
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