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KAPUR (Dryobalanops sumatrensis)
Trade Name
Kapur
Scientific Name
Dryobalanops sumatrensis (J.F. Gmelin) Kosterm.
Family
Dipterocarpaceae
Common Names
Telajin; Malayan kapur; Kapur ranggi; Kapur peringgi; Kapur bukit; Kapur biasa; Kapor; Kajoe kapoer; Hajoe hapoer; Borneo camphorwood; Anggi; Kapur barus (Sabah); Kapur (Indonesia); Kapur-kejatan (Malaysia); Indonesian kapur (United Kingdom); Indonesian kapur (United States of America); Capur d`Indonesia (France); Petanang (Indonesia); Oost-Borneo kamfer (Netherlands); Capur indonesiano (Italy); Borneo camphorwood paigie (Sabah); Swamp kapur (Sabah); Keladan (Malaysia); Kapur singkel (Indonesia); Kapur (Sarawak); Indonesisk kapur (Sweden); Kapoer (Netherlands); Indonesische kapur (Germany); Kapur (Malaysia); Kapur (Sabah); Capur indonesiano (Spain)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Dryobalanops camphora Colebr.; Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
This camphor tree is large, growing up to 60 m tall, with a straight and cylindrical bole, branchless for 40 m. Diameters up to 200 cm are reported, it presents buttresses up to 5 m high.
Natural Habitat
It is a very large gregarious tree, which provides most of the kapur timber and camphor for Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra. Dryobalanops sumatrensis prefers well drained leached sandy and clayey soils, growing up to 400 m of altitude.
Non Timber Uses
Brittle heart is occasionally reported for this species. It contains chemicals that discolor ferrous metals when damp.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Tyloses common. Vestured pits. Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Vascular/vasicentric tracheides present. Simple perforatio Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Rays storied. Silica bodies in the ray cells. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
The odor resembles camphor, but no taste.
Color
The sapwood varies from light yellowish brown to pale pink. The heartwood is rose red to dark reddish brown.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
4
Grain
It is mostly straight, rarely deep interlocking, occasional brittle heart in the innermost heart.
Texture
The texture varies from moderately coarse to coarse.
Luster
The planed surfaces are not particularly lustrous.
Natural Durability
It is resistant to fungi, when fresh it is vulnerable to insects.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
3
Resistance To Impregnation
The heartwood is reported to be resistant to preservative treatment, but the sapwood is readily treatable.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.69
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.77
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
9.6
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
4.4
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Air seasoning is moderately fast.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
JP-6; UK-E; US-T10-D4S
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.2
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1249
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
179110
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
649
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
56
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
119
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
567
Workability
Sawing
When green, the timber is easy to saw. Dry timber is less easy to saw because of the presence of silica. Cross cutting is generally easy.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
It is good for peeling if well steamed, but it has resin problems.
Sliced Veneer
It is good for peeling if well steamed, but it has resin problems.
Blunting Effect
Saw-teeth may become clogged by resin.
Machining
The response of this species to machining operations is good to fair.
Planing
Planing is reported to be easy.
Boring
Boring operations are rather easy.
Nailing
Needs pre-bore for nailing. Screws well.
Gluing
Resin exudation causes gluing problems, urea glues recommended.
Finishing
This species has a fair behavior in finishing. It needs filling.
Polishing
It does not take a high polish without some filling.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, TOOLS, tool handles, PACKING, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Crossties
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
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