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KEDONDONG (Santiria laevigata)
Trade Name
Kedondong
Scientific Name
Santiria laevigata Blume
Family
BURSERACEAE
Common Names
Kerantai (Sabah); Kedondong kerantai lichin (Malaysia); Tapi-tapi (Indonesia); Kambajau burung (Indonesia); Pegah kabu-kabu (Indonesia); Berambang (Sarawak); Kiharpan (Indonesia); Kenari (Indonesia); Ma-kerm (Thailand); Upi (Sarawak); Pili (Philippines); Dulit (Philippines); Dhup (Andaman Islands); Kenari (Andaman Islands); Dhuwhite (India); White dhup (India); Cham (Vietnam); Medongdong (Indonesia); Kedongdong (Malaysia)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Santiria violaceae H.J. Lam; Santiria rufescens Blume
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a medium-sized to large tree up to 45 m tall. The bole is up to 90 cm in diameter, with buttresses up to 4 m high.
Natural Habitat
Santiria laevigata is common in lowland forests, sometimes also found in peat swamp forests, up to 1,500 m of altitude.
Natural Distribution
It is distributed in peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Banka, and Borneo.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Simple perforation plates. Intervessel pits large, 10 micras or more. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma in narrow bands on lines up to 3 cells wide. Rays exclusively uniseriate. Silica bodies in the ray cells. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Fibers very thick walled.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
Freshly cut timber has a vinegar-like smell.
Color
The sapwood varies from light pale pink to yellowish-gray. The heartwood is yellow-green-brown.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
4
Grain
It is shallowly to deeply interlocked.
Texture
The wood is mostly medium in texture.
Natural Durability
It is perishable and prone to blue stain. It is also quickly attacked by bark beetles, false powder-post beetles and Lyctus. Early protection is recommended.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Silica Content
Silica Content: This timber is reported to have silica. Silica contents over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0
Resistance To Impregnation
The heartwood is reported to be extremely resistant to preservative treatment, but the sapwood is moderately permeable.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.55
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.60
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
12.2
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
7.4
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately difficult to difficult; special care is systematically needed. Drying Defects: Risks of checks and distortions when interlocked grain is present. Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed as a reference by comparison with well known species taking into account to the general technological behavior of this species.
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.6
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
973
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
125847
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
515
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
130
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
510
Workability
Sawing
Cutting resistance is generally high.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
This species can be used for lamination.
Sliced Veneer
This species can be used for lamination.
Blunting Effect
It is considered to have a severe blunting effect on the cutting elements.
Machining
Machining operations are rather difficult.
Planing
Planing operations are rated as fair to difficult.
Turning
30
Boring
The response of this species to boring operations is fair to bad.
Substitute Species
The timber is reported to be similar to Aiele (Canarium schweinfurthii)
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, beams, boards, flooring, frames, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TURNING, SPORTS, TOOLS, tool handles, PACKING, pallets, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, particleboard
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Sports
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Pallets
- 48 - The strength properties of timbers
Particleboard
- 80 - Estudio Integral de la Madera para Construcción
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