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KEDONDONG (Spondias cytherea)
Trade Name
Kedondong
Scientific Name
Spondias cytherea Sonn.
Family
ANACARDIACEAE
Common Names
Otaheite apple; Spondias (Papua New Guinea); Great hog plum; Kedongdong (Indonesia); Kedondong (Malaysia); Hevi (Philippines); Viapple (Philippines); Gwe-cho (Myanmar); Ma kok farang (Thailand); Ma kok waan (Thailand); Ambarella; Coco (Indonesia)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Spondias dulcisSoland. Ex J.G. Forster; Spondias dulcis Parkinson
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a small to medium sized tree, up to 30 m tall, branchless for 18 m. It can reach diameters up to 100 cm.
Natural Habitat
Spondias occurs scattered in primary forests, up to 1,000 m of altitude.
Plantations Available?
Spondias is widely cultivated in the tropics.
Non Timber Uses
Spondias fruits are eaten raw or in jams, jellies and juices.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Occasionally tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Intervessel pits large, 10 micras or more. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Occasionally axial parenchyma aliform. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. Occasionally 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. Occasionally rays less than 4 per mm (rare). Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Prismatic crystals in radial alignment in procumbent ray cells (chambered cells). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I Fibers very thin walled. Occasionally septate fibers present. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
It has no taste or odor.
Color
The sapwood varies from white to gray, not demarcated from gray-brown heartwood. Some logs have a pink heart.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
6
Grain
The grain is usually straight, rarely interlocked.
Texture
The wood is mostly medium in texture.
Natural Durability
The heartwood is highly susceptible to blue stain, termite and marine borer attack.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Internal Growth Stresses
Residual stresses present in the wood may cause defects while processing the timber.
Resistance To Impregnation
The heartwood has an erratic behavior to preservative treatment, but the sapwood absorbs and retains preservatives readily.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.36
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.38
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
6.5
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
2.9
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately easy; some particular care is needed. Drying Defects: Risks of distortions. Kiln Schedules: The kiln schedule has been tested.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
JP-25; US-53-51
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.2
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
543
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
82488
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
316
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
66
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
206
Workability
Sawing
Logs with tension wood may show a woolly surface.
Machining
Machining of this species is reported to be easy.
Planing
Planing is easy, but it is difficult to obtain a smooth finishing.
Turning
30
Finishing
It is difficult to obtain a smooth finish.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, cores, TURNING, PACKING, light packing, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, matches, moldings
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Cores
- 27 - Embassy of Brazil in Japan
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Light Packing
- 46 - ECUADOR, Inventario y Aprovechamiento de los Bosques del Sur Ecuatoriano
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Matches
- 71 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux, premier supplement
Molding
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
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