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KERUING (Dipterocarpus caudiferus)

Trade Name

Keruing

Scientific Name

Dipterocarpus caudiferus Merr.

Family

Dipterocarpaceae

Common Names

Keruwing (Germany); Dau (Cambodia); Keruing (Italy); Keruing (Sweden); Kruen (France); Kruen (Italy); Dau (Vietnam); Kanyin (Myanmar); In (Myanmar); Keruing (France); Yang (Thailand); Keruing (Indonesia); Keroewing (Netherlands); Eng (Myanmar); Keruing anderi (Indonesia); Kayu kawan (Sumatra); Kayu minyak (Sumatra); Apitong (Philippines); Bagac (Philippines); Basilan (Philippines); Panau (Philippines); Keruing (Malaysia); Gurjun (India); Indonesian keruing (United States of America); Indonesian gurjun (United States of America); Indonesian keruing (United Kingdom); Kruen (Sweden); Indonesian gurjun (United Kingdom)

Scientific Name Synonyms

Dipterocarpus macrorrhinus v. Slooten; Dipterocarpus kutaianus v. Slooten

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

It is a very large tree up to 65 m tall. The bole is very tall, straight and cylindrical, up to 160 cm in diameter. The buttresses are few and up to 3.5 m tall, to 2 m long, and to 12 cm thick. This species is considered an oleo-resin tree.

Natural Habitat

Dipterocarpus caudiferus is a common lowland keruing in Borneo, occurring on clay soils, up to 800 m of altitude.

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Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vestured pits. Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Simple perforation plates. Intervessel pits medium, 7 to 10 micras. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Sheath cells. Silica bodies in the ray cells. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal ce Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Odor

It has a distinctive smell of resin.

Color

The sapwood is yellowish to grayish-brown and usually distinctly demarcated from the heartwood, which is grayish-brown to red-brown.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

4

Grain

The grain is straight, sometimes interlocked.

Texture

The texture varies from moderately coarse to coarse but even.

Natural Durability

Most of the species in the keruing group are rated as moderately durable. The resistance against dry wood insects is poor.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

3

Silica Content

Silica Content: It is reported to have silica. Contents over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.62

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.69

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

8.1

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

5.1

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

JP-3; UK-D; US-T3-D2

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

1.6

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

1190

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

138788

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

609

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

123

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

467

Workability

Sawing

It is easy to cross cut but slightly difficult to saw. Resin present in wood is reported to clog the saw-teeth.

Rotary Veneer Cutting

Resin patches are usually seen on the surface of the veneer. Preheating is essential for good peeling.

Sliced Veneer

Resin patches are usually seen on the surface of the veneer. Preheating is essential for good peeling.

Blunting Effect

Wood with high silica content quickly blunts saw-teeth.

Planing

Planing operations are rather easy.

Boring

Boring of this species is fair.

Nailing

This wood is difficult to nail.

Gluing

The resin interferes with the gluing properties and the species that are too oily are generally not used.

Finishing

This species is reported to be easy to finish. Resin exudation, if present, may difficult finishing.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, port pillar, port storage

General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
  • 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Panels, Veneers
  • 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Truck Body
  • 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
  • 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
  • 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boats
  • 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
Port Pillar
  • 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
Port Storage
  • 62 - Estudio Tecnológico de Maderas del Perú (Zona Pucallpa) Vol I

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