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KERUING (Dipterocarpus elongatus)
Trade Name
Keruing
Scientific Name
Dipterocarpus elongatus Korth
Family
Dipterocarpaceae
Common Names
Ran (Brunei Darussalam); Kudan (Brunei Darussalam); Keruing kasugoi (Malaysia); Keruing gumbang (Malaysia); Keruing latek (Malaysia); Kruen (Spain); Keruing (Indonesia); Apitong (Philippines); Bagac (Philippines); Basilan (Philippines); Keruing tempudau (Indonesia); Panau (Philippines); Hagakhak (Philippines); Gurjun (India); Keruing (Spain); Kruen (Italy); Keroewing (Netherlands); Indonesian keruing (United Kingdom); Indonesian keruing (United States of America); Indonesian gurjun (United Kingdom); Indonesian gurjun (United States of America); Kruen (France); Keruing (Malaysia); Keruwing (Germany); Yang (Thailand); Eng (Myanmar); In (Myanmar); Kanyin (Myanmar); Dau (Vietnam); Dau (Cambodia); Keruing (France); Keruing (Italy)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Dipterocarpus apterus Foxw.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a large to very large tree of up to 60 m tall. The bole is straight, cylindrical, up to 175 cm in diameter. The buttresses are large, straight, up to 3 m tall, up to 2 m long, 20 cm thick. This species is considered an oleo-resin tree.
Natural Habitat
A large tree of secondary and primary forest and freshwater swamp forest.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vestured pits. Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Simple perforation plates. Intervessel pits medium, 7 to 10 micras. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Sheath cells. Silica bodies in the ray cells. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal ce Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
It has a distinctive smell of resin.
Color
The sapwood is yellowish to grayish-brown and usually distinctly demarcated from the heartwood, which is grayish-brown to red-brown.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
4
Grain
The grain is straight, sometimes interlocked.
Texture
The texture varies from moderately coarse to coarse but even.
Natural Durability
Most of the species in the keruing group are rated as moderately durable. The resistance against dry wood insects is poor.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
3
Silica Content
Silica Content: This timber is reported to have silica. Silica contents over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.61
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.68
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
8.1
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
5.1
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Air seasoning of Perupok is reported to be good and rapid without serious degrade. Boards of 15 mm thick can be air dried in about 1 month. Drying Defects: Risk of slight checking cupping, splitting and little warping is reported. Kiln Schedules: Kiln drying is satisfactory.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
JP-3; UK-D; US-T3-D2
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.6
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
840
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
145819
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
477
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
76
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
365
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
434
Workability
Sawing
It is easy to cross cut but slightly difficult to saw. Resin present in wood is reported to clog the saw-teeth.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Resin patches are usually seen on the surface of the veneer. Preheating is essential for good peeling.
Sliced Veneer
Resin patches are usually seen on the surface of the veneer. Preheating is essential for good peeling.
Blunting Effect
Wood with high silica content quickly blunts saw-teeth.
Planing
Planing is reported to be easy.
Boring
The response of this species to boring operations is fair.
Nailing
Nailing properties are poor.
Gluing
The resin interferes with the gluing properties and the species that are too oily are generally not used.
Finishing
This species is reported to be easy to finish. Resin exudation, if present, may difficult finishing.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, flooring, frames, steps, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TOOLS, agricultural tools, PACKING, pallets, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, paper
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Pallets
- 48 - The strength properties of timbers
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Paper
- 82 - Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign woods (Part 2) Central and South America.
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