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KERUING (Dipterocarpus lowii)
Trade Name
Keruing
Scientific Name
Dipterocarpus lowii Hook.f.
Family
Dipterocarpaceae
Common Names
Kalup puteh (Sabah); Keruing sol (Malaysia); Sindur betul (Indonesia); Keruing batu (Indonesia); Resak butoh biawak (Brunei Darussalam); Keruing sol (Brunei Darussalam); Hagakhak (Philippines); Indonesian keruing (United States of America); Keroewing (Netherlands); Bagac (Philippines); Kruen (Sweden); Basilan (Philippines); Dau (Cambodia); Apitong (Philippines); Kanyin (Myanmar); Panau (Philippines); Yang (Thailand); Kruen (France); Keruing (France); Keruing (Sweden); Gurjun (India); Keruwing (Germany); Indonesian keruing (United Kingdom); Dau (Vietnam); Indonesian gurjun (United States of America); Keruing bunga (Indonesia); Keruing (Indonesia); Kruen (Italy); Keruing (Malaysia); Eng (Myanmar); In (Myanmar); Keruing (Italy); Indonesian gurjun (United Kingdom)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Dipterocarpus undulatus Vesque
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a large tree up to 55 m tall. The bole is straight, up to 190 cm in diameter. The buttresses are up to 2.5 m high, spreading. This species is considered an oleo-resin tree.
Natural Habitat
Dipterocarpus lowii grows on well drained, usually sandy soils, in lowland dipterocarp forests, up to 400 m of altitude.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vestured pits. Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Simple perforation plates. Intervessel pits medium, 7 to 10 micras. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Sheath cells. Silica bodies in the ray cells. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal ce Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
It has a distinctive smell of resin.
Color
The sapwood is yellowish to grayish-brown and usually distinctly demarcated from the heartwood, which is grayish-brown to red-brown.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
4
Grain
The grain is straight, sometimes interlocked.
Texture
The texture varies from moderately coarse to coarse but even.
Natural Durability
Most of the species in the keruing group are rated as moderately durable. The resistance against dry wood insects is poor.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
3
Silica Content
Silica Content: Silica presence is reported. Amounts over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.75
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.85
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
10.9
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
6.4
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Seasoning is reported as good with little degrade. It takes about 2 months and 3.5 months respectively to air dry 13 mm and 38 mm thick boards. Drying Defects: End-splits may develop.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-D; JP-3; US-T3-D2
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.7
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1355
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
203800
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
693
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
76
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
112
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
743
Workability
Sawing
It is easy to cross cut but slightly difficult to saw. Resin present in wood is reported to clog the saw-teeth.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Resin patches are usually seen on the surface of the veneer. Preheating is essential for good peeling.
Sliced Veneer
Resin patches are usually seen on the surface of the veneer. Preheating is essential for good peeling.
Blunting Effect
Wood with high silica content quickly blunts saw-teeth.
Planing
Planing is reported to be easy.
Boring
Boring operations are fair.
Nailing
This wood is difficult to nail.
Gluing
The resin interferes with the gluing properties and the species that are too oily are generally not used.
Finishing
This species is reported to be easy to finish. Resin exudation, if present, may difficult finishing.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, port pillar, port storage
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Bridges
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boats
- 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
Port Pillar
- 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
Port Storage
- 62 - Estudio Tecnológico de Maderas del Perú (Zona Pucallpa) Vol I
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