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LILIN (Xanthophyllum eurhynchum)
Trade Name
Lilin
Scientific Name
Xanthophyllum eurhynchum Miq.
Family
POLYGALACEAE
Common Names
Lemak ruwai (Malaysia); Lemak berok betina (Malaysia); Lima berok (Malaysia)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Xanthophyllum verrucosum Chodat; Xanthophyllum maingayi Hook. f. ex A.W. Benn.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
Small to large trees, up to 50 m tall. The bole is straight, up to 120 cm in diameter. Sometimes with small or rarely with buttresses up to 4 m high.
Natural Habitat
Xanthophyllum species are often found scattered or rarely gregariously in primary, often riverine or occasionally in lower montane, forests, up to 1,200 m of altitude.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels in diagonal and/or radial pattern. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Occasionally vessels of two distinct diameter classes, wood not ring-porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Occasionally apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Occasionally axial parenchyma aliform. Occasionally axial parenchyma confluent. Occasionally prismatic crystals in chamber Occasionally rays exclusively uniseriate. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Occasionally body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III). Fibers very thick walled. Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The heartwood varies from yellowish-white to pale yellowish-brown, darkening to a strong orange-yellow color, not clearly demarcated from the sapwood.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
The grain is straight, sometimes wavy.
Texture
The texture is from moderately coarse to coarse.
Natural Durability
It has very low natural resistance to decay. It is vulnerable to attack by insects.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Resistance To Impregnation
The heartwood is resistant to impregnation with preservatives, even under pressure, but the penetration of preservative in sapwood is patchy to good.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.71
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.80
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
9.9
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
5.2
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately easy; some particular care is needed. Drying Defects: Risks of discoloration caused by decay Kiln Schedules: The kiln schedule has been tested.
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.9
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1039
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
151372
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
540
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
82
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
153
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
867
Workability
Sawing
The wood is very abrasive.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Veneer dries easily without defects, its surface is smooth to fairly smooth.
Sliced Veneer
Veneer dries easily without defects, its surface is smooth to fairly smooth.
Machining
Machining of this species is reported to be rather easy.
Turning
30
Gluing
Gluing behavior is reportedly fair to poor. It needs care in gluing.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TURNING, TOOLS, tool handles, PACKING, pallets, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, paper
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Cabinet
- 24 - Empire Timbers
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Pallets
- 48 - The strength properties of timbers
Paper
- 82 - Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign woods (Part 2) Central and South America.
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