LILIN (Xanthophyllum flavescens)
Trade Name
Lilin
Scientific Name
Xanthophyllum flavescens Roxb.
Family
POLYGALACEAE
Common Names
Thitpyu; Palala; Muttei; Mottal; Mattei; Madaku; Madakka; Gandi; Ajensak; Jerukan (Indonesia); Seng dong (Laos); Hu yan (Thailand); Dugi (Philippines); Bok-bok (Philippines); Banig (Philippines); Endog-endogan (Indonesia)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Xanthophyllum pallidum Ridley; Xanthophyllum glandulosum Merr.; Xanthophyllum excelsum (Blume) Miq.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
Medium sized tree, up to 25 m tall. The bole is straight, up to 45 cm in diameter. Sometimes with small or rarely with buttresses.
Natural Habitat
Xanthophyllum species are often found scattered or rarely gregariously in primary, often riverine or occasionally in lower montane, forests, up to 1,200 m of altitude.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels in diagonal and/or radial pattern. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Occasionally vessels of two distinct diameter classes, wood not ring-porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Occasionally apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Occasionally axial parenchyma aliform. Occasionally axial parenchyma confluent. Occasionally prismatic crystals in chamber Occasionally rays exclusively uniseriate. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Occasionally body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III). Fibers very thick walled. Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
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Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
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Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The heartwood varies from yellowish-white to pale yellowish-brown, darkening to a strong orange-yellow color, not clearly demarcated from the sapwood.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
The grain is straight, sometimes wavy.
Texture
The texture is from moderately coarse to coarse.
Natural Durability
It has very little or no natural resistance to decay or insect attack.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Resistance To Impregnation
The heartwood is resistant to preservative treatment, but the penetration in the sapwood is patchy to good.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.67
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.75
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
7.0
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
2.7
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is very slow and difficult to perform; defects are frequent. Drying Defects: Risks of checks and distortions.
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.6
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1127
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
152944
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
637
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
133
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
772
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
946
Workability
Sawing
The wood is very abrasive.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Veneer dries easily without defects, its surface is smooth to fairly smooth.
Sliced Veneer
Veneer dries easily without defects, its surface is smooth to fairly smooth.
Machining
Machining operations are rather easy.
Turning
30
Gluing
Gluing behavior is reportedly fair to poor. It needs care in gluing.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TURNING, TOOLS, tool handles, PACKING, pallets, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, paper
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Cabinet
- 24 - Empire Timbers
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Pallets
- 48 - The strength properties of timbers
Paper
- 82 - Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign woods (Part 2) Central and South America.
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