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MORAL (Chlorophora tinctoria)
Trade Name
Moral
Scientific Name
Chlorophora tinctoria (L.) Gaudich. ex Benth.
Family
MORACEAE
Common Names
Tatayivasaiyu; Tatayiba; Tatane tauba; Tatajuba-de-espinho; Tatajiba; Tajuba; Taiuva; Runa; Palomoro; Morita; Moreira; Moratana; Limarona; Legno giallo; Jocomico; Jataiba; Gelbholz; Geelhout; Fustetto; Fresno de America; Fiselholz; Dyewood; Dyers mulberry; Brasil palo amarillo; Bois d`orange; Amoreira branca; Amoeira; Amarello; Sota (Ecuador); Mora (Bolivia); Palo Mora (Bolivia); Dinde Fustete (Colombia); Mora (Colombia); Moral Amarillo (Venezuela); Palo Negro (Guatemala); Limulana (Peru); Insira Caspi (Peru); Insira (Peru); Tatayivásaiyú; Taiúva (Brazil); Red Fustic; Palo De Mora (Colombia); Palo Amarillo (Bolivia); Moral (Mexico); Mora Insira; Fustic; Escambrón De Madera; Dinde (Colombia); Brasil; Bois Jaune; Boid D`Orange; Barossa; Avinje; Auroeira; Amarelo (Brazil); Moral De Loma; Mora (Venezuela); Limão (Brazil); Huil Yaga; Gelbes Brasilholz; Espinheiro Branco (Brazil); Echter Fustik; Cubaholz; Avinge; Amarillo; Amarcira; Mora Amarilla; Moral Fino (Ecuador); Toyuba; Touvo; Tatayva; Tatajuba (Brazil); Palo-Moro; Pau Amarelo (Brazil); Palo Naranjo; Odumbaum; Moral Fustete (Colombia); Fustic Mulberry; Cuba Wood; Fustic Wood; Yellow Wood; Tustete; Tustic
Scientific Name Synonyms
Morus tinctoria L.; Maclura tinctoria var. affinis (Miq.) Bureau; Maclura tinctoria var. chlorocarpa (Liebm.) Bureau; Maclura affinis Miq.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a small or medium size tree, attaining heights from 15 to 30 m, and trunk diameters of about 50 to 100 cm. The branches are sometimes armed with spines.
Natural Habitat
The species is found throughout tropical America, growing in primary or secondary rain forests.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 150 to 200 micras (medium). Tyloses common. Occasionally vessels per mm2 less than 6. Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pit Axial parenchyma apparent with the naked eye. Occasionally axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Occasionally paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Occasionally axial parenchyma lozenge-aliform. Axial parenchyma alifo 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
Odor or taste are absent.
Color
The sapwood is clearly differentiated. The heartwood is golden yellow, often with darker streaks, changing upon exposure to brown or russet. Sometimes it presents a reddish tinge.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
Grain is reported to be interlocked.
Texture
The texture is medium.
Luster
Luster is reported to be medium to high.
Natural Durability
It has very high natural resistance to decay and attack by other wood destroying organisms.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
1
Silica Content
Silica Content: The wood presents silica crystals which produce a moderate blunting effect on the cutting tools. Silica Value: 0.05
Resistance To Impregnation
The heartwood is reported to have very poor response to preservative treatment. The sapwood can be treated if incised.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.78
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.89
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
5.2
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
2.9
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Moderately difficult to season, it dries rapidly. Drying Defects: A tendency to moderate checking and slight warping are reported. Casehardening may occur when thick pieces are dried.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-E; JUNAC-A
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.8
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1572
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
176836
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
870
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
118
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
1288
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
1179
Workability
Sawing
This species is difficult to saw.
Blunting Effect
Dulling effect on tool edges is reported to be moderate.
Planing
The material is reported to be fairly difficult to plane if interlocked grain is present.
Moulding
The timber is reported to be difficult to mould.
Turning
30
Nailing
The timber nails satisfactorily.
Gluing
It is reported to have good gluing properties.
Sanding
The wood is difficult to sand.
Finishing
It is reported to give a smooth finish.
Staining
The wood stains satisfactorily.
Polishing
It has a good polishing.
Response To Hand Tools
This wood is reported to be difficult to work with hand tools.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, poles, paling, stakes posts, rails, crossarms, crossties, piers, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, frames, steps, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, Decorative veneer, TURNING, turned furniture, SPORTS, bowling polo balls, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, PACKING, heavy packing, CONTAINERS, cooperage, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boat deck, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, yoke
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Bridges
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Poles
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Paling Fence Pickets
- 4 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas da bicuiba
Stake Posts
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Rails
- 6 - Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume grown in Costa Rica
Crossheads Crossarms
- 7 - Maderas latinoamericanas. II, Quercus alata Q. costaricensis y Q. eugeniaefolia
Crossties
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
Piers
- 9 - Maderas latinoamericanas. IV, Nectandra sp. Ocotea austinii, Persea sp. aff. vesticula, Persea schiedeana
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Furniture, Common
- 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Decorative veneer
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Turned Articles
- 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
Sports
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Balls Bowling Polo
- 40 - Internet
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Heavy Packing
- 47 - Arvores Brasileiras
Containers
- 50 - Properties of imported tropical woods
Cooperage
- 51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boat Decking
- 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Yokes
- 74 - World Timbers, Vol.2, North and South America
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