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OBOTO (Mammea africana)
Trade Name
Oboto
Scientific Name
Mammea africana Sabine
Family
CLUSIACEAE
Common Names
Ologbomidu (Nigeria); Bom pegya (Ghana); Djimbo (Côte d`Ivoire); M'boza (Zaire); Boliki (Zaire); Oboto (Gabon); Ebornzork (Gabon); M'bossi (Congo); Libu (Congo); Abotzok (Cameroon); Tshilungu; Pegya; Passee; Pasin; Ooboto; Muboro; M`bossi; Ibelea; Ebornzork; Duforokoto; Bompegya; Bletune; Bletui; Bjimbo; Apegya; African mammy apple; African apricot; African apple; Abrompesowa; Abotoasebie; Aborzole; Bokoli (Zaire); Aborzok (Cameroon); Ologbomodu (Nigeria); Kaikumba (Sierra Leone); Kaikumba (Liberia); Oboto
Scientific Name Synonyms
Ochrocarpus africanus Oliv.; Garcinia golaensis Hutch. & Dalz.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
The tree reaches a height of 40 m. The bole is usually straight, clear and cylindrical to 15 m in length, swollen at the base of the tree or more or less lobed. The trunk diameter attains 100 cm.
Natural Habitat
Mammea africana is found in mixed deciduous forests. It prefers rather wet environment and sometimes forms small stands on flood plains.
Natural Distribution
From Sierra Leone to Angola and Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Vessels of two distinct diameter classes, wood not ring-porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 150 to 200 micras (medium). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less (very small) Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Non-crystals in axial parenchyma cells. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays non-storied. Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays. Non-septate fibers. Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The sapwood is light brown or pink-brown, it has a thickness of 5 cm. The heartwood is dark-red or red-brown, turning mahogany colored with age, it is clearly demarcated.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
2
Grain
It has highly interlocked grain; special care is needed when drying because of frequent risks of distortion.
Texture
The wood is reported to be frequently medium textured.
Luster
Timber of this species is low in luster.
Natural Durability
Very durable to decay; without preservative treatment. This species is especially suited for all the uses with risks of permanent or long-lasting humidification. Resistant to termites attack. Heartwood is resistant to Lyctus attacks.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
1
Internal Growth Stresses
Residual stresses are reported to be absent.
Silica Content
Silica Content: It is reported to have a negligible amount of silica. Contents over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0.01
Resistance To Impregnation
Difficult to treat with only a low penetration of the preservative products.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.67
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.75
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
9.5
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
6.0
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately difficult to difficult; special care is systematically needed. Drying Defects: Risks of checks. Kiln Schedules: The kiln schedule has been tested.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
FR-8
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.6
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1175
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
163475
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
664
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
91
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
98
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
705
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
791
Workability
Sawing
It is moderately easy to saw.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Not suitable for veneering.
Sliced Veneer
Not suitable for veneering.
Blunting Effect
Slight blunting effect; ordinary tools can be used for sawing and machining.
Machining
Machining of this species is reportedly easy.
Planing
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Moulding
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Boring
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Mortising
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Nailing
Pre-boring is necessary.
Gluing
Glues well if basic gluing technical rules are followed.
Sanding
Easy to perform; it gives good results.
Polishing
Can be polished without surface preparation.
Response To Hand Tools
No particular problems.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, crossarms, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, parquet, frames, steps, panelling, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Crossheads Crossarms
- 7 - Maderas latinoamericanas. II, Quercus alata Q. costaricensis y Q. eugeniaefolia
Crossties
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Parquet
- 15 - Empire Timbers
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Fittings
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Furniture, Common
- 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
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