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OLENE (Irvingia grandifolia)
Trade Name
Olene
Scientific Name
Irvingia grandifolia Engl.
Family
IRVINGIACEAE
Common Names
Apepere (Nigeria); Akhuekhue (Nigeria); Olène (Gabon); Liar (Congo); Sombo (Central African Republic); Solia (Cameroon); Géndo (Cameroon); Bwibanjoe (Cameroon); Andongwe (Cameroon); Zembila; Olene; Ogbo-ako; Oenda; Molinda; Arhuekhue; Apepere; Andongwe; Alendongwe; Akpulu
Scientific Name Synonyms
Klainedoxa grandifolia Engl.; Irvingella grandifolia (Engl.) H. Hallier
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
The tree reaches a height of 26 to 40 m. The bole may be up to 30 m in length, is straight, clear and cylindrical, sometimes buttressed. The trunk diameter can be up to 150 cm.
Natural Habitat
Irvingia grandifolia occurs in dense rain forest, preferring proximity to creeks, but sometimes found in semi-dry forest at altitudes of 600 to 900 m.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Tyloses thin walled. Non-vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits coa Axial parenchyma in discontinuous tangential lines. Prismatic crystals in short chains in chambered axial parenchyma cells. Over 9 cells per parenchyma strand. Axial parenchyma bands more than 3 cells wide. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays non-storied. Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III). Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The sapwood is yellow-brown. The heartwood is varying shades of brown with a grey luster, it is clearly demarcated.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
4
Grain
Straight or slightly interlocked; grain has no particular influence on drying, machining and finishing qualities.
Texture
This species is reported to have a fine to medium texture.
Luster
The wood surface is moderate in luster.
Natural Durability
Moderately durable to decay. Without preservative treatment, this species can be used when risks of occasional re-humidification, but it is not suited for uses with risks of permanent or long-lasting humidification.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
3
Resistance To Impregnation
Nearly impossible to treat with a too much low penetration of the preservative substances.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.80
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.92
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately easy; some particular care is needed. Drying Defects: Risks of distortions when interlocked grain is present. Kiln Schedules: The kiln schedule has been tested.
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1384
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
189103
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
747
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
106
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
133
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
1056
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
1092
Workability
Sawing
Sawing of this species requires powerful equipment.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Not suitable for veneering.
Sliced Veneer
Not suitable for veneering.
Blunting Effect
Moderate blunting effect; stellited blades for sawing and carbide tools for machining are advised.
Machining
It needs powerful tools for processing. Possible difficulties caused by interlocked grain are reported.
Planing
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Moulding
Easy; no particular problems.
Turning
30
Boring
Easy; no particular problems.
Mortising
Easy; no particular problems.
Nailing
Pre-boring is necessary.
Gluing
Difficult to glue because of high density.
Sanding
Easy to perform; it gives good results.
Polishing
Can be polished without surface preparation.
Response To Hand Tools
Working with hand tools is difficult.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, poles, paling, stakes posts, rails, crossarms, crossties, piers, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, frames, steps, panelling, fittings, shutter boards, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, cutlery, lasts, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, CONTAINERS, cooperage, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, boat hulls, boat deck, port pillar, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, cigar boxes, shoes
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Bridges
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Poles
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Paling Fence Pickets
- 4 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas da bicuiba
Stake Posts
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Rails
- 6 - Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume grown in Costa Rica
Crossheads Crossarms
- 7 - Maderas latinoamericanas. II, Quercus alata Q. costaricensis y Q. eugeniaefolia
Crossties
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
Piers
- 9 - Maderas latinoamericanas. IV, Nectandra sp. Ocotea austinii, Persea sp. aff. vesticula, Persea schiedeana
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Fittings
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
Shutter Boards
- 20 - Prospect: The wood database
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Ornaments
- 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Turned Articles
- 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
Knife Handles
- 33 - Embassy of Gabon in Japan
Lasts
- 34 - Embassy of Indonesia in Japan
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Cooperage
- 51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boats
- 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
Boat Hulls
- 57 - Estadísticas de Aprovechamiento, Exportación y comercialización Nacional de Productos Forestales
Boat Decking
- 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
Port Pillar
- 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Cigar Box
- 68 - Contribucion al conocimiento de la resistencia mecanica de la madera de peumo
Shoes
- 70 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux de l`union francaise
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