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PENARAHAN (Horsfieldia irya)
Trade Name
Penarahan
Scientific Name
Horsfieldia irya (Gaertn.) Warb.
Family
MYRISTICACEAE
Common Names
Pianggu (Malaysia); Kalapa tiyung (Indonesia); Peredah burung (Indonesia); Kalak pacung (Indonesia); Lempoyang paya (Malaysia); Anoniog (Philippines); Han (Thailand); Tum phra (Thailand); Kruai nam (Thailand); Chendarah (Malaysia)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Horsfieldia subglobosa (Miq.) Warb; Horsfieldia congestiflora A.C Smith; Horsfieldia acuminata Merr.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a small to medium, rarely large, tree, up to 30 m tall. The bole is generally straight, cylindrical, up to 60 cm in diameter, occasionally with small buttresses or stilt roots.
Natural Habitat
Horsfieldia is found scattered in lowland, lower montane or, rarely, montane rain forests, up to 1,200 m of altitude. Horsfieldia irya prefers coastal or riverside areas, bordering on mangrove creeks.
Natural Distribution
It ranges from the Malay Peninsula, Kalimantan, Java and Sumatra to New Guinea.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Intervessel pits small, 7 micras or less. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Occasionally paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. Occasionally axial parenchyma 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Ray height more than 1 mm. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Fibers very thin walled. Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
It has no odor or taste.
Color
The sapwood is pale brown, poorly differentiated from pink-brown heartwood.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
The grain is straight.
Texture
Fine texture is reported in this species.
Natural Durability
It is not durable under tropical conditions, it is liable to pinhole borer and termite damage.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Silica Content
Silica Content: It is non-siliceous. Silica Value: 0
Resistance To Impregnation
This species is reported to be permeable to moderately permeable.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.46
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.50
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
6.6
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
5.7
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: The wood is easy to dry without significant defects. On average it takes 23 days to dry 25 mm thick boards of this species to 15% moisture content. Drying Defects: Face checking and twist are common problems in un-weighted boards. Kiln Schedules: Schedule suggested for Thitmin. The recommended kiln drying schedule specifies a temperature of 54 to 82 degrees with corresponding relative humidity of 76% to 30%.
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.2
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
660
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
101877
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
367
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
51
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
188
Workability
Sawing
Sawing of this species is easy.
Planing
It can be planed to a relatively smooth surface.
Moulding
Molding of this species is easy to fair.
Finishing
The behavior in finishing is satisfactory.
Polishing
The dark core takes a high polish.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, SPORTS, TOOLS, agricultural tools, PACKING, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, matches, moldings, particleboard
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Sports
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boats
- 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Matches
- 71 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux, premier supplement
Molding
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
Particleboard
- 80 - Estudio Integral de la Madera para Construcción
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