PUNGGAI (Coelostegia griffithii)
Trade Name
Punggai
Scientific Name
Coelostegia griffithii Benth.
Family
BOMBACACEAE
Common Names
Sibankih; Serangap; Durian isa; Black durian (United Kingdom); Durian tuang (Malaysia); Durian badak (Malaysia); Punggai (Malaysia); Black durian (United States of America); Durian hantu (Indonesia); Durian daun (Malaysia); Durian (United States of America); Durian (Indonesia); Durian tupai (Malaysia); True durian (Malaysia); Duyin (Myanmar); Djeung-djing (Malaysia); Bungal (Malaysia); Gengang (Malaysia)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Coelostegia sumatrana Becc.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a large tree up to 45 m tall, with bole branchless up to 24 m. The diameter is up to 110 cm, having large plank buttresses up to 3.5 m high. It is reported as a corkwood tree.
Natural Habitat
Coelostegia griffithii is reported scattered in flat lowland forests, sometimes up to 700 m of altitude.
Plantations Available?
This species is often planted for its fruits.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Helical thickenings in vessel elements present. Simple perforation plates. Intervessel pits small, 7 micras or less. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. Siliceous bodies in the axial parenchyma cells. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Silica bodies in the ray cells. Tile cells. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
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Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
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Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
It has typical musk odor.
Color
The sapwood ranges in color from dirty light gray or whitish to light pink. The heartwood is pink-brown or gray-brown.
Grain
It is mostly straight, occasionally lightly interlocked.
Texture
The texture ranges from medium to coarse.
Natural Durability
It is perishable and prone to be infested by ship-timber beetle.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Silica Content
Silica Content: Silica presence is reported. Amounts over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0
Resistance To Impregnation
It is permeable to moderately permeable.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.58
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.64
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
5.0
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
3.0
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is reported to be slow but rarely develops serious seasoning defects, except for slight cupping. Drying Defects: Risk of surface checking and end splitting. Kiln Schedules: Schedule suggested for Merawan. It takes 5 days for 25 mm thick boards to kiln dry from 50% to 10% moisture content.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-D
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.7
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
968
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
161002
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
550
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
61
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
92
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
545
Workability
Sawing
It is fairly easy to saw when green but slightly difficult when air-dry.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
No peeling tests are reported for Punggai wood but as Durian logs are widely used for plywood, it is probably suited for this purpose.
Sliced Veneer
No peeling tests are reported for Punggai wood but as Durian logs are widely used for plywood, it is probably suited for this purpose.
Blunting Effect
The wood has a severe blunting effect.
Planing
Planing operations are rather easy, giving a smooth finish.
Boring
Boring operations are easy to fair.
Nailing
This species is reported to have a good nailing behavior.
Gluing
This species is easy to glue.
Finishing
This species gives a moderately smooth finish.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, boards, flooring, frames, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, cores, SPORTS, TOOLS, agricultural tools, PACKING, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, shoes, coffin, particleboard
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Cores
- 27 - Embassy of Brazil in Japan
Sports
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Shoes
- 70 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux de l`union francaise
Coffin
- 78 - Amazonian Timbers for the International Market
Particleboard
- 80 - Estudio Integral de la Madera para Construcción
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