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SAPH/BINUNG (Tetrameles nudiflora)
Trade Name
Saph/Binung
Scientific Name
Tetrameles nudiflora R. Br.
Family
DATISCACEAE
Common Names
Vella pasa; Vella chini; Ugado; Ugad; Tulla; Tseikpoban; Sandugaza; Piyei; Payomko; Nigunu; Mugunu; Mainakat; Mai-yum-myen; Mai-taung; Mai-nao-nau; Kapsin; Kapang; Jermalu; Jermala; Hoongia; Hoogia; Chundal; Chini; Cheeni; Bondsa; Bondale; Bolur; Bolong; Bhelu; Bao-awny; Kapong (Thailand); Maina (India); Maina (Pakistan); Kundur (Indonesia); Tung (Vietnam); Binung (Indonesia); Sompong (Cambodia); Baing (Myanmar); Mengkundor (Malaysia); Kayu tabu (Sumatra); Kayu tabu (Indonesia); Tetrameles; Sawbya (Myanmar); Binong (Indonesia); Phoung (Laos); Bueng (Thailand); Ka phong (Thailand); Som phong (Thailand); Thitpok (Myanmar)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Tetrameles horfieldii Steud.; Tetrameles grahamiana Wight
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a deciduous, dioecious, medium-sized to large tree up to 50 m tall, and 120 cm in diameter. The bole is columnar, branchless for 35 m, often fluted or with steep buttresses up to 5 m high.
Natural Habitat
Tetrameles nudiflora is found scattered in primary or secondary, deciduous forest, up to 500 m of altitude.
Natural Distribution
It can be found in Indo-Malayan region.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Simple perforation plates. Intervessel pits medium, 7 to 10 micras. I Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Occasionally axial parenchyma aliform. Occasionally axial parenchyma confluent. Occasionally axial parenchyma storied. Two cells per parenchyma strand. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. Rays less than 4 per mm (rare). Ray height more than 1 mm. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III). Fibers very thin walled. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The sapwood is not distinct, pale yellow in color. The heartwood is pale brown to gray-brown.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
The grain is broadly interlocked, occasionally straight.
Texture
The texture is typically medium to coarse.
Luster
It is slightly lustrous.
Natural Durability
The wood is susceptible to termite and ambrosia beetle attack.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Resistance To Impregnation
This timber can be treated thoroughly, including the heartwood.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.36
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.38
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
7.0
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
3.4
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is fairly easy; some difficulties could occur when drying too fast.
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.1
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
451
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
62287
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
260
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
69
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
176
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
210
Workability
Sawing
Cutting resistance is generally low.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
It peels easily but plywood is not very attractive and it is generally used for core stock.
Sliced Veneer
It peels easily but plywood is not very attractive and it is generally used for core stock.
Machining
It works well with all tools.
Planing
Planing of this species is reported to be easy.
Finishing
Finishing of this wood is rated as fair.
Polishing
It has a bad polishing.
Substitute Species
It is suggested as a substitute for balsa wood (Ochroma lagopus).
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, boards, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, PACKING, food container, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, matches, moldings, paper
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Food Container
- 49 - Mechanical properties of certain tropical woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Matches
- 71 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux, premier supplement
Molding
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
Paper
- 82 - Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign woods (Part 2) Central and South America.
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