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SEPETIR (Sindora coriacea)
Trade Name
Sepetir
Scientific Name
Sindora coriacea Maingay ex Prain
Family
LEGUMINOSAE
Common Names
Khaman (Thailand); Kling (Thailand); Seputih minyak (Malaysia); Sepetir minyak (Malaysia); Sepetir lichin (Malaysia); Malamari (Indonesia); Sepeteh (Malaysia); Krathon (Thailand); Sepetir (Malaysia); Petir (Sarawak); Maka-tea (Thailand); Kayu kalu (Philippines); Supa (Philippines); Krakas (Cambodia); Sindur (Indonesia); Sepetir nin-yaki (Sabah); Saputi (Malaysia); Meketil (Malaysia); Petir-sepetir pay (Sabah)
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a medium-sized to large tree up to 45 m tall, with diameters of 140 cm. The bole is cylindrical, branchless for up to 21 m.
Natural Habitat
Sindora coriacea grows scattered and widespread in lowland forests on non-inundable soils.
Natural Distribution
It is distributed in Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Intervessel pits large, 10 micras or more. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells and/or in fibers. Axial parenchyma bands more than 3 c Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
It has spicy smell.
Color
The sapwood is clearly distinct, whitish gray to light brown or beige-pink. The heartwood is brown with a pink tinge.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
It is straight, only occasionally wavy.
Texture
It has a fine to medium texture, homogeneous.
Natural Durability
It is moderately durable, but rapid infestation may occur if unprotected.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
3
Resistance To Impregnation
The heartwood is very difficult to treat, but the sapwood is reported to take preservatives readily.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.63
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.70
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
5.8
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
3.0
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately difficult to difficult; special care is systematically needed. Drying Defects: Risks of checks and distortions. Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed as a reference by comparison with well known species taking into account to the general technological behavior of this species.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-G; JP-19; US-T8-B3
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.0
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
937
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
138584
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
472
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
61
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
138
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
531
Workability
Sawing
Sawmilling of this species is reportedly fair to difficult.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Valued for decorative veneer produced from the streaked heartwood.
Sliced Veneer
Valued for decorative veneer produced from the streaked heartwood.
Blunting Effect
Wood of this species exerts a moderate blunting effect on the cutting tools.
Machining
It is difficult because of its high resin content.
Planing
It is easy to plane.
Boring
Boring of this species is reported to be easy.
Nailing
It needs pre-bore for nails.
Gluing
It has a good behavior in gluing.
Finishing
Filling is required.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
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