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SERINGUEIRA, RUBBERWOOD (Hevea brasiliensis)

Trade Name

Seringueira, Rubberwood

Scientific Name

Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.

Family

Euphorbiaceae

Common Names

Seringueira, seringa, seringa-verdadeira, cau-chu, árvore da borracha, seringueira-preta, seringueira-branca, caucho, hule, jebe, hevea (Brasil); Arbol de caucho (Venezuela), Sibi-sibi (Guyana), Mapalapa (Surinam), Capi, Jeve, Shiringa (Peru).

Scientific Name Synonyms

Hevea brasiliensis fo. acreana (Ule) Ducke, Hevea brasiliensis fo. angustifolia (Ule ex Huber) Ule, Hevea brasiliensis fo. latifolia (Ule ex Huber) Ule, Hevea brasiliensis fo. randiana (Huber) Ducke, Hevea brasiliensis var. acreana Ule, Hevea brasiliensis var. angustifolia Ule ex Huber, Hevea brasiliensis var. janeirensis (Müll. Arg.) Pax, Hevea brasiliensis var. latifolia Ule ex Huber, Hevea brasiliensis var. randiana (Huber) Pax, Hevea brasiliensis var. stylosa Huber, Hevea granthamii Bartlett, Hevea janeirensis Müll. Arg., Hevea paludosa Ule, Hevea randiana Huber, Hevea sieberi Warb., Siphonia brasiliensis Kunth, Siphonia brasiliensis Willd. ex A. Juss.

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

Planta lactescente de 20 a 30 m de altura, com tronco de 30 a 60 cm de diâmetro. Folhas compostas trifoliadas e alternadas, com folíolos membranáceos e glabros, de cor verde escura na face superior e verde claro na face inferior, com marcadas nervações ao longo do pecíolo. As flores são monóicas, pequenas, amarelo pálido, e se agrupam em rácimos. O fruto é uma capsula trilobular que contém uma semente. A casca é de cor acinzentada a verde escuro. Planta semidecidua, heliófita ou esciófita, característica da floresta Amazônica de terra firme de regiões inundáveis.

Natural Habitat

Região amazônica, na margem de rios e lugares inundáveis da mata de terra firme. Existe na floresta amazônica mais 11 espécies de seringueira, todas do gênero Hevea e muito parecidas com a espécie brasiliensis.

Flowering And Fruiting Months

As flores aparecem em agosto até começo de novembro, os frutos amadurecem após o mês de abril-maio.

Flowering

  • Jan.
  • Feb.
  • Mar.
  • Apr.
  • May.
  • Jun.
  • Jul.
  • Aug.
  • Sep.
  • Oct.
  • Nov.
  • Dec.

Fruiting

  • Jan.
  • Feb.
  • Mar.
  • Apr.
  • May.
  • Jun.
  • Jul.
  • Aug.
  • Sep.
  • Oct.
  • Nov.
  • Dec.
Regeneration Ease

Sementes são formadas por tecido esponjoso que permite flutuar nas águas, e dispersar as sementes ao longo de rios.

Natural Distribution

No território brasileiro em áreas tropicais; também na Guyana, Peru, Ásia e África.

Plantations Available?

No oeste do estado de São Paulo (Brasil) existem muitos plantios com mais de 30 anos. É cultivada em todo Brasil. Plantações importantes são relatados no Brasil, Indonésia, Tailândia e Malásia.

Timber Local Uses

Crates and boxes, ceilings and interior general purpose boards. Common furniture and cabinets, peeled veneer and plywood. Other uses: sporting goods and toys, models, matchsticks, pencils and spools.

Non Timber Uses

Produces excellent quality latex for the manufacture of natural rubber. The seeds have a drying oil used in the paint and varnish industry

  • Tree Photo
  • Photos Of Leaves Flowers Fruit
  • Bark Photo
View More Information
Natural Distribution Map (Red dot = Certified forest producer)

Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 to 150 micras (small). Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Intervessel pits large, 10 m. Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Axial parenchyma in discontinuous tangential lines. Axial parenchyma in continuous tangential lines (included in reticulate and scalariform). 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.

  • Photo Of Fresh Cross Cut Log Section
  • Wood Macro Photo Transversal Plane
  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
Specialized Bibliography For This Topic
  • 406 - Database of Tropical Industrial Lesser-Used Wood Species. ITTO Project PD 58-97 ("Nagoya Database")

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

Specialized Bibliography For This Topic
  • 607 - INSTRUÇÃO NORMATIVA No 06 DE 23 DE SETEMBRO DE 2008.

General Wood Description

Odor

Desagradável

Color

Castanha muito clara

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

7

Grain

Direita

Texture

Média

Luster

A superfície da madeira é naturalmente ricos em brilho.

Natural Durability

De baixa durabilidade; baixa resistência ao ataque de fungos.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

6

Oils Or Resins

Espécie contém alto teor de óleos

Resistance To Impregnation

Fácil

Specialized Bibliography For These Topics

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.45

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.60

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

6.7

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

3.1

Drying Defects

Secagem ao ar é rápida; podem ocorrer rachaduras severas.

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

Em US Schedule T6-D2 (p/25, 32 e 38 mm); em British Schedule E para as espessuras de 25 a 38 mm. UK-E

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

2.2

Actual Dry Kiln Program

http://itto.git.grav-dev.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KD_USA_ENG.pdf
http://itto.git.grav-dev.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KD_British_ENG.pdf

Specialized Bibliography For This Topic

Wood Chemical Properties

Extractives Resins Latex

Extração de látex de excelente qualidade para fabricação de borracha natural. As sementes tem um óleo secativo, usado na indústria de tintas e vernizes

Specialized Bibliography For This Topic
  • 47 - Arvores Brasileiras

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

601

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

61853

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

336

Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

102

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

107

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

663

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

746

Workability

Sawing

Fácil

Rotary Veneer Cutting

Fácil

Sliced Veneer

Laminação desta espécie é possível.

Blunting Effect

O látex que permanece na madeira pode empastar os dentes da serra e forçar o corte.

Machining

Fácil

Planing

Fácil

Boring

Fácil

Mortising

Fácil

Nailing

Fácil

Gluing

Fácil

Sanding

Fácil

Finishing

Regular

Steam Bending

Fácil de dobrar com vapor

Response To Hand Tools

Fácil

Specialized Bibliography For This Topic

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

GENERAL HOUSING, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, Faces, Cores, SPORTS EQUIPMENT, PACKING, CONTAINERS, Cooperage, OTHERS AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, Matches

General Housing
  • 406 - Database of Tropical Industrial Lesser-Used Wood Species. ITTO Project PD 58-97 ("Nagoya Database")
Furniture Cabinets
  • 406 - Database of Tropical Industrial Lesser-Used Wood Species. ITTO Project PD 58-97 ("Nagoya Database")
Panels, Veneers
  • 406 - Database of Tropical Industrial Lesser-Used Wood Species. ITTO Project PD 58-97 ("Nagoya Database")
Faces
  • 406 - Database of Tropical Industrial Lesser-Used Wood Species. ITTO Project PD 58-97 ("Nagoya Database")
Cores
  • 406 - Database of Tropical Industrial Lesser-Used Wood Species. ITTO Project PD 58-97 ("Nagoya Database")
Sports
  • 406 - Database of Tropical Industrial Lesser-Used Wood Species. ITTO Project PD 58-97 ("Nagoya Database")
Packing
  • 406 - Database of Tropical Industrial Lesser-Used Wood Species. ITTO Project PD 58-97 ("Nagoya Database")
Containers
  • 406 - Database of Tropical Industrial Lesser-Used Wood Species. ITTO Project PD 58-97 ("Nagoya Database")
Cooperage
  • 406 - Database of Tropical Industrial Lesser-Used Wood Species. ITTO Project PD 58-97 ("Nagoya Database")
Other & Musical Instruments
  • 406 - Database of Tropical Industrial Lesser-Used Wood Species. ITTO Project PD 58-97 ("Nagoya Database")
Matches
  • 406 - Database of Tropical Industrial Lesser-Used Wood Species. ITTO Project PD 58-97 ("Nagoya Database")

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