SURIAN (Toona sureni)
Trade Name
Surian
Scientific Name
Toona sureni (Blume) Merr.
Family
Meliaceae
Common Names
Burma cedar (United States of America); Toon (Thailand); Toon (India); Red cedar (Papua New Guinea); Thitkado (Myanmar); Surea-bawang (Malaysia); Limpagna (Indonesia); Surian (Indonesia); Yomham (Thailand); Calantas (Philippines); Moulmen cedar (United States of America); Chomcha (Cambodia); Red cedar (Australia); Moulmen cedar (United Kingdom); Burma cedar (United Kingdom); Xoan-moc (Vietnam)
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a medium-sized to fairly large tree up to 40 m tall, and 100 cm in diameter, in mountainous areas up to 300 cm in diameter. It is branchless for 25 m. The buttresses, if present, are up to 2 m high.
Natural Habitat
Toona sureni favors deep well-drained soil of alluvial flats, lowland forests and coastal areas. It is reported in primary forests, but it is more commonly found in secondary forests, up to 1,700 m of altitude.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood semi-ring porous and/or ring porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Occasionally tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 more than 20 (very abundant). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pi Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. Axial parenchyma bands more than 3 cells wide. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
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Wood Macro Photo Radial Plane
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Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
It has an aromatic cedar-like smell.
Color
The sapwood varies from pink to gray-white yellowish. The heartwood is brown-red or red.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
4
Grain
It is straight or wavy, usually rather interlocked.
Texture
The texture is rather coarse.
Luster
The timber is lustrous.
Natural Durability
It is moderately durable and somewhat susceptible to fungi and insect attack.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
6
Silica Content
Silica Content: It contains 0.5% silica. Silica Value: 0.5
Resistance To Impregnation
The heartwood is untreatable either with oil or water soluble preservative substances.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.46
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.50
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
8.2
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
4.3
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately easy; some particular care is needed. Drying Defects: Risks of distortions. Kiln Schedules: The kiln schedule has been tested.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-J
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.9
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
598
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
76051
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
323
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
46
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
167
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
264
Workability
Sawing
Wood of this species is easy to cut.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
This species is reported to be interesting for lamination.
Sliced Veneer
This species is reported to be interesting for lamination.
Machining
It is easy to machine. Occasionally woolly surfaces are reported.
Planing
Planing of this species is reported to be easy.
Moulding
It gives good results in molding.
Boring
Boring of this species is fair to difficult.
Mortising
Mortising of this species is fair.
Nailing
This wood is easy to nail.
Gluing
Gluing behavior is reportedly good.
Sanding
The response of this species in sanding is fair.
Finishing
Filling is necessary.
Polishing
Polishing of this species is reportedly easy.
Substitute Species
It can substitute Spanish Cedar (Cedrela spp.).
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, boards, frames, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, luxury furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, Decorative veneer, BENDING, SPORTS, TOOLS, agricultural tools, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, cigar boxes
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Furniture, Luxury
- 22 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section IV-Asian and Oceanian Woods
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Faces
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Decorative veneer
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Bending
- 35 - Embassy of Myanmar in Japan
Sports
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Other & Musical Instruments
- 63 - Madeiras do Brazil II
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Cigar Box
- 68 - Contribucion al conocimiento de la resistencia mecanica de la madera de peumo
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