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TERMINALIA (Terminalia alata)
Trade Name
Terminalia
Scientific Name
Terminalia alata Heyne ex Roth
Family
COMBRETACEAE
Common Names
c[af] lich (Vietnam); B[aw]ng (Vietnam); Hok fa (Thailand); Rok fa (Thailand); Suak dam (Laos); Suak `mon (Laos); Chhlik snaeng (Cambodia); Chhlik bay (Cambodia); Taukyan (Myanmar); Indian laurel (United Kingdom); Tank kyan (Myanmar)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Terminalia tomentosa (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.; Terminalia macrocarpa Steud.; Terminalia coriacea (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a medium sized to fairly large tree up to 35 meters tall, with diameters up to 200 cm.
Natural Habitat
Terminalia alata is reported in mixed deciduous forests, sometimes in dry dipterocarp forests, often on alluvial soils, up to 1,000 m of altitude.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vestured pits. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Simple perforation plates. Intervessel pits small, 7 micras or less. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Axial parenchyma bands more than 3 cells wide. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays exclusively uniseriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Septate fibers present.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The pale sapwood is clearly demarcated. The heartwood is light brownish or walnut like grey brown to chocolate brown, with dark streaks.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
3
Grain
The grain is straight, sometimes interlocked.
Texture
The texture is medium to coarse.
Natural Durability
The wood is considered as non durable.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Resistance To Impregnation
The heartwood is resistant to preservative treatment.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.78
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.90
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
7.1
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
4.8
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is rather slow and sometimes difficult to perform. Drying Defects: Risks of distortions.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
JP-12
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.5
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1037
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
129695
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
571
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
930
Workability
Rotary Veneer Cutting
This timber is reported to be suitable for lamination.
Sliced Veneer
This timber is reported to be suitable for lamination.
Machining
The response of this species to machining operations is good to fair.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Crossties
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
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