TERMINALIA (Terminalia brassii)
Trade Name
Terminalia
Scientific Name
Terminalia brassii Exell
Family
COMBRETACEAE
Common Names
Brown terminalia (United States of America); Swamp oak (United States of America); Swamp oak (United Kingdom); Brown terminalia (United Kingdom)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Terminalia kajewskii Exell
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a large tree up to 50 m tall. The bole is branchless for up to 30 m, up to 150 cm in diameter, with huge flange buttresses, often with stilt roots forming mats up to 6 m up the trunk.
Natural Habitat
Terminalia brassii is a pioneer species, it can be found in fresh water swamps where it occurs in good quality pure stands. It is widely distributed in high density stands up to 250 m of altitude.
Plantations Available?
This species is reportedly used for reforestation in PNG. Trial plantations have been carried out in Australia, Fiji and the Solomon Islands.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Occasionally tyloses common. Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Intervessel pits medium, 7 Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Axial parenchyma bands more than 3 cells wide. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Ray height more than 1 mm. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
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Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
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Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
Grape-like odor reported on green boards.
Color
The heartwood is pale brown, gray or orange-brown in color, with yellow tinge. The sapwood is shade paler, not clearly demarcated.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
The grain is wavy or interlocked
Texture
A coarse texture is reported in this species.
Luster
The wood is non lustrous.
Natural Durability
It is prone to attack by termites and marine borers. The sapwood is susceptible to blue stain.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Silica Content
Silica Content: It is non-siliceous. Silica Value: 0
Resistance To Impregnation
The heartwood is extremely resistant to pressure treatment, the sapwood shows some penetration of preservatives.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.38
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.41
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
4.4
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
2.2
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately difficult to difficult; special care is systematically needed. Drying Defects: Risks of casehardening and checks Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed as a reference by comparison with well known species taking into account to the general technological behavior of this species.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
JP-12
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.0
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
693
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
101238
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
377
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
87
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
307
Workability
Sawing
It saws fairly well, occasionally woolly surfaces are reported.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Lamination of this species is possible.
Sliced Veneer
Lamination of this species is possible.
Blunting Effect
Wood of this species exerts a moderate blunting effect on the cutting tools.
Machining
The workability of this species is reported to be easy to fair.
Planing
Planing is reported to be fair to difficult.
Turning
30
Boring
This species is easy to bore.
Nailing
Pre-boring is often necessary.
Gluing
It is reported to be easy to glue.
Sanding
Wood of this species is easy to sand.
Finishing
It has a good finishing.
Polishing
Polishing of this wood is easy.
Response To Hand Tools
This wood has a good to fair behavior with hand tools.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, flooring, frames, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TURNING, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, PACKING, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, matches, moldings
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Matches
- 71 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux, premier supplement
Molding
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
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