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TERMINALIA (Terminalia chebula)
Trade Name
Terminalia
Scientific Name
Terminalia chebula Retz.
Family
COMBRETACEAE
Common Names
Sa mao tchet (Cambodia); Sramo (Cambodia); Samo-thai (Thailand); Manja patut (Malaysia); Manja puteri (Malaysia); Manja lawai (Malaysia); Myrobolan noir (France); Myrobalan noir (France); Chebulic myrabolan (United Kingdom); Chebulic myrobalan (United Kingdom); Panga (Myanmar)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Terminalia zeylanica van Heurck & Muell.A; Terminalia tomentella Kurz; Terminalia parviflora Thwaites
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a medium sized tree up to 30 meters tall, the bole is short, from 6 to 9 m long, usually branchless for up to 10 meters and 130 cm in diameter. This species is a source of tannins.
Natural Habitat
Terminalia chebula is found scattered in teak forests, mixed deciduous forests and dry evergreen forests, up to 1,000 m of altitude.
Plantations Available?
This species has been introduced to Peninsular Malaysia.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vestured pits. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Simple perforation plates. Intervessel pits small, 7 micras or less. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Axial parenchyma bands more than 3 cells wide. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays exclusively uniseriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent).
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
Odor or taste are absent.
Color
The sapwood is white to pale yellow brown, slightly demarcated from the yellow brown heartwood.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
3
Grain
The grain is straight.
Texture
The texture is fine to medium.
Luster
The surface of the wood is naturally moderate in luster.
Natural Durability
The wood is moderately durable under natural conditions.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
3
Resistance To Impregnation
The wood is not difficult to treat with preservatives.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.73
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.82
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
9.0
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
5.5
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
JP-12
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.6
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
999
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
131451
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
544
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
1239
Workability
Rotary Veneer Cutting
This species can be used for lamination.
Sliced Veneer
This species can be used for lamination.
Machining
It is easy to machine.
Nailing
The wood nails well, but pre-boring is often necessary to prevent splitting.
Sanding
This species is reported to be easy to sand.
Finishing
The wood finishes well with a slight satin luster, but it might be necessary to use fillers.
Polishing
Wood of this species is easy to polish.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, flooring, frames, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, axle
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Axles
- 73 - Handbook of Hardwoods
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